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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic stress fatigue and thermal softening failure of a thermoplastic (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1974), S. 18-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The application of a cyclic stress to a polymeric material causes its temperature to rise with the result that failure may occur by one of two completely different mechanisms. In the first the temperature rises for a time but then stabilizes and allows a conventional crack initiation and propagation process to take place. In the second type of failure the temperature continues to increase and results in a thermal softening failure in the material. Uniaxial fatigue tests have been carried out on injection moulded acetal co-polymer specimens and the conditions under which each type of failure occurs have been analysed theoretically and empirically. Using relatively simple analysis, indication is given as to how quite acceptable predictions of the observed temperature rises may be made. The effects of mean stress, strain control, as opposed to load control, and cyclic waveform on polymer fatigue behaviour are also indicated. In addition electron microscopy studies were carried out on the fatigue failures of the injection moulded specimens and these show that microscopic fatigue striations are present and that the size of the defect which has initiated crack growth is typically about 0.13 mm (0.005 in.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554752
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of uniaxial and rotating bending fatigue tests on an acetal co-polymer (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1974), S. 1297-1304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Using the same type of injection moulded specimen, uniaxial and rotating bending fatigue tests have been carried out and the results compared. In each type of testing conventional fatigue or thermal softening failures occurred depending on the loading conditions. Much higher cyclic frequencies could be used in rotating bending without causing thermal softening failure. Injection moulding produces a skin at the surface of the specimens which is more resistant to fatigue crack initiation than the internal structure. Since the maximum stress in bending is at the surface, the skin effect contributes to the much larger fatigue endurances observed in rotating bending. A sharp V-notch, a diametral hole or a moulded weld line in the specimens reduced endurances in both types of fatigue loading to various extents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551847
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature low-cycle fatigue: Survey of british work (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 8 (1968), S. 309-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02326021
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stress biaxiality on the high-strain fatigue behavior of an aluminum-copper alloy (1969)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 9 (1969), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Although there is now a considerable volume of high-strain (〈105 cycles) fatigue data for uniaxial tension-compression and simple-bending conditions, relatively little information is available regarding the effects of stress and strain biaxiality. A method which has been used to study the effects of biaxiality on longlife fatigue strength is to subject thin-walled tubes to repeated internal pressure and an end load which is in phase with, and a linear function of, the pressure. The object of the present research was to use this method to study the influence of stress biaxiality on the high-strain fatigue behavior of a high strength, aluminum-4% copper alloy at room temperature. From a continuum-mechanics point of view, this material is completely elastic after the first few load cycles. Cylinder results for hoop to axial stress ratios of 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 2: −1 suggest that fatigue failure of this material in the life range 103 to 105 cycles is primarily dependent on the maximum range of tensile stress. This conclusion and a study of fracture surfaces led to the use of linear-elastic fracture mechanics to interpret the fatigue and brittle fracture behavior of these cylinders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02325136
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain ratio and volume change during tension and compression creep of thermoplastics (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 420-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Creep tests up to 106 seconds in tension and compression were conducted on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP). Measurements of longitudinal and lateral strain provided values for tension and compression strain ratio. These increased with time and stress for PMMA and PVC from about 0.38 to 0.44. The results for PP increased from 0.44 to above 0.5 in. tension and showed a decreasing ratio in compression, which suggested a time and stress dependent structural change. Volumetric strain was computed from the linear strains and plotted against stress and axial strain. Except at 102 seconds, the relationships were non-linear up to volumetric strains of about 0.3% and in the cases of PMMA and PVC there were greater changes of volume in tension than compression.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120606
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of constant and complex creep loading programs for several thermoplastics (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 335-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymethyl methacrylate, polyacetal and polypropylene samples were subjected to constant-load uniaxial creep in tension and compression up to 3% strain in times up to 105 sec. A higher creep resistance was obtained in compression compared with tension due to the influence of free volume on mobility. Square wave cyclic creep tests alternately in tension and equal compression for dwell times of 10, 100, 1000 sec were also conducted on each material up to a total time of 105 sec. Under low cyclic creep stresses tension creep cancelled out compression creep in each successive half cycle so that there was no overall increase in creep strain as cycling proceeded. The unidirectional creep data was used successfully to predict this behavior. At higher cyclic stress levels creep strain range increased steadily throughout the test indicating a softening process. A few tests were conducted in unidirectional and cyclic stress relaxation on polymethyl methacrylate.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110411
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between uniaxial and shear creep of thermoplastics (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 398-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Creep data in uniaxial tension, compression and shear on PVC, PMMA, and PP sheet were used to test analytical correlating procedures. It was shown that shear and uniaxial creep could be closely related using the concept of shear stress and shear strain on octahedral planes. This correlating procedure was only effective if due allowance was made for the different creep response in simple tension and compression for each of these materials. It was also shown that the relationship between the viscoelastic creep moduli and strain ratio, which is stress and time dependent, has the same form as the analogous relationship between the linear elastic constants.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130513
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