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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is a lag-storage curve an early sign of diabetes? (1977)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 13 (1977), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Initial glucose-induced insulin secretion ; oral glucose tolerance test ; intravenous glucose tolerance test ; borderline glucose tolerance ; maturity-onset diabetes ; insulinogenic index ; oxyhyperglycaemic curve ; lag-storage curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Early insulin responses were measured after a high dose (50 g/1.73 m2) of rapidly injected glucose in 31 subjects who had repeatedly shown “lagstorage” curves in the OGTT, in 24 controls and in 19 mild maturity-onset diabetics. Division between controls and diabetics was virtually complete, when the insulin responses were expressed as “insulindgenic index” $$\left( {\frac{{\Delta insulin}}{{\Delta glucose}}} \right)$$ Twenty out of 31 patients with lag curves showed normal early insulin responses and 11 patients showed diabetic responses. In patients with lag curves, presence of obesity, and absence of family history of diabetes were associated with normal insulin responses. It is concluded that the finding of a lag curve is of little consequence in obese persons but, when in conjunction with a genetic background of diabetes, is suggestive of diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00996325
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormone replacement therapy increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: A 2-year prospective study (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 417-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Cholecalciferol ; Estrogen ; Dydrogesterone ; Postmenopause
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Osteoporosis is a common disorder in postmenopausal women, which is probably due to decreased ovarian function. Currently, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), involving administration of estrogen and progestogen, is successfully applied to reduce bone resorption. We studied the effect of HRT on 23 postmenopausal women. This consisted of a combination of 17β-estradiol and dydrogesterone, on the serum level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) after 0, 6, 12, and 24 months. We found mean serum concentrations (±SD) of 1,25(OH)2D of 130.5 pmol/liter (46.1), 152.7 pmol/liter (45.1), 170.8 pmol/liter (64.0), and 155.2 pmol/liter (59.7), respectively. The baseline values in these women were found to be significantly lower than those during therapy (P⩽0.005). No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the estrogen-only phase with the combined estrogen-progestogen phase. It is concluded that HRT results in an increase in the serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration which lasts for at least 2 years. This increase may partly explain the preventive effect of HRT on osteoporosis. Purthermore, these results suggest that dydrogesterone does not influence the estrogen-induced changes in serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298554
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of atrial natriuretic peptide in young and elderly subjects (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 449-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; kinetics ; ageing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To study the influence of age on the kinetics of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in man, human (99–126) ANP 2.0 μg·min−1 was infused IV for 60 min in 8 healthy young (18 to 25 y) and 9 healthy elderly (71 to 84 y) subjects. Both baseline ANP values and the levels at the end of infusion were higher in the elderly subjects. The mean residence time of ANP in the two age groups was not significantly different, whereas total body clearance (CL) was markedly diminished in the elderly as compared to the young subjects (mean±SD 3.1±1.0 l·min−1 and 6.2±4.1 l·min−1, respectively). The apparent volume of distribution at steady state was lower in the elderly than in the young, but the difference was not significant (mean±SD 44±19 and 103±111, respectively. The decrease in CL largely explained the higher ANP levels found in the elderly subjects. The MRT and the plasma half-life of the terminal phase did not differ between the two groups. In the elderly but not in the young subjects the calculated endogenous creatinine clearance was closely correlated with the CL (r=0.90, P〈0.001), thereby emphasizing the importance of the kidney in the metabolic clearance of ANP in the elderly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280134
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of the ACTH response to human CRH by pretreatment with the antiglucocorticoid RU-486 (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 609-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ACTH response ; antiglucocorticoid RU-486 ; plasma cortisol level ; corticotrophin releasing hormone CRH ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response of ACTH to an i.v. bolus injection of 100 µg human CRH at 09.00 h was investigated in five healthy men with and without pretreatment with the antiglucocorticoid RU-486 100 mg given orally 7 h before the injection of CRH. In all five subjects the plasma cortisol level immediately before CRH administration at 09.00 h was significantly higher after pretreatment with the antiglucocorticoid (17.1 vs 11.1 µg/100 ml). Despite this higher baseline cortisol level, in all subjects the maximal CRH-induced ACTH increase was more pronounced after RU-486 loading (Δmax ACTH 39 vs 26 pg/ml). This observation proves that in man physiological concentrations of cortisol determine the response of the pituitary to CRH. Furthermore, the findings suggest reduced circulating glucocorticoid activity after administration of 100 mg RU-486, not completely compensated by an increase in plasma cortisol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606640
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid hormone receptor activity of primary human breast cancer and pattern of first metastasis (1991)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 18 (1991), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: estrogen receptors ; progesterone receptors ; breast cancer ; metastasis patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of 258 breast cancer patients with known estrogen receptor (ER) status of the primary tumour who subsequently developed metastases were reviewed for site of first metastasis. In 188 cases progesterone receptor (PgR) data were also available. Univariate analysis showed metastatic patterns to differ statistically significantly related to ER status and (less pronounced) PgR status of the primary tumour. Patients with ER-positive tumours had bone metastases three times more often than patients with ER-negative tumours. With respect to PgR-positive and PgR-negative tumours this frequency differed by a factor of two. With regard to visceral metastases ER and PgR status were equally potent prognosticators, patients with receptor negative tumours having a 50% higher frequency of visceral metastasis than patients with receptor positive tumours. Assessment of metastatic patterns in relation to combined receptor status did not substantially enhance the discriminatory value of ER and PgR when assessed separately. Multivariate analysis showed that the observed differences in metastatic patterns were all attributable to differences in the ER status of the primary tumour, and were not influenced by age, menopausal status, axillary lymph node involvement, duration of disease-free interval (DFI), mode of postoperative treatment, or the PgR status of the primary tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975440
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidermal growth factor receptor and prognosis in human breast cancer: a prospective study (1993)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 25 (1993), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: human breast cancer ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; estrogen receptor ; progesterone receptor ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prognostic value of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in human breast cancer is a matter of debate. We conducted a prospective study that included 459 unselected patients with primary breast cancer (median follow-up 24 months) to assess the prognostic value of EGFR. EGFR was assessed using a standardized radioligand binding assay. Univariate analysis showed that EGFR is a factor indicative of a poor prognosis with respect to Disease Free Survival (DFS, P=0.03) and Overall Survival (OS, P=0.002), if an EGFR level of 50fmol/mg of membrane protein is introduced as a cut-off for EGFR-positivity. Multivariate analysis showed that EGFR was not an independent factor. This prospective study shows that EGFR, although not an independent factor, is indicative of poor prognosis in human breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662397
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progesterone receptor activity and relapse-free survival in patients with primary breast cancer: The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (1987)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 9 (1987), S. 191-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: adjuvant chemotherapy ; breast cancer ; progesterone receptor ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prognostic significance of progesterone receptor activity (PgR) with regard to the estimated relapse-free survival (RFS) was studied in 350 one-center patients with primary breast cancer. All receptor assays were performed in one laboratory; PgR levels 〉10 fmol/mg protein were considered positive. Univariate as well as multivariate statistical analyses were used to examine the prognostic significance of several variables. Eighty-nine of the 350 patients received adjuvant CMF chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil). The median observation period was 69 months (range 12–125 months). In the group of 261 patients who did not receive adjuvant CMF, the PgR-status lacked prognostic significance; only the lymph node status significantly affected the RFS (p〈0.00001). In contrast, in the CMF-treated group of patients, the PgR-status was the most powerful predictor of recurrence (p〈0.0001). The menopausal and the lymph-node status increased the predictive value of PgR (p〈0.001). Premenopausal CMF-treated patients with PgR+ tumors had a significantly longer RFS than those with PgR− tumors (p〈0.02). The present data urge the need for a reappraisal of the prognostic significance of PgR and of the mechanism of action of adjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806379
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human breast cancer: survival from first metastasis (1992)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 21 (1992), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; site of first metastasis ; survival ; nodal status ; estrogen receptors ; progesterone receptors ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Survival from the detection of first metastasis (SAM) was analyzed in a single center series of 258 patients with advanced breast cancer. During the 15 year period covered by this study 230 patients died, 215 of their disease. The overall median SAM was 28 months. Univariate analysis of SAM stratified by first dominant site of metastasis, estrogen receptor status (ER), progesterone receptor status (PgR), tumor size, axillary lymph node status, patient age, menopausal status, and disease-free interval (DFI) showed the first dominant site of metastasis, ER, PgR, and axillary lymph node status to be significantly associated with SAM. Patients with visceral metastasis as first dominant site of metastasis had significantly shorter survival than those with either bone or soft tissue metastasis, median SAM 16 vs. 34 vs. 41 months respectively (P〈0.001). SAM also differed according to the steroid hormone receptor status of the primary tumor: median SAM 34 and 33 months for patients with ER-positive or patients with PgR-positive tumors against 14 months for patients with ER-negative or with PgR-negative tumors (P〈0.001). Patients with axillary lymph node involvement at primary disease had a shorter SAM than those without, median SAM 24 vs. 35 months (P=0.006). No association between SAM and either tumor size, patient age, menopausal status, or DFI could be observed. Multivariate analysis including first dominant site of metastasis, ER, PgR, and axillary lymph node status showed the first dominant site of metastasis, ER, and axillary lymph node status to be independently associated with SAM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975000
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disease-free interval and estrogen receptor activity in tumor tissue of patients with primary breast cancer: analysis after long-term follow-up (1985)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 6 (1985), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; disease-free interval ; estrogen receptor ; prognostic factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific estrogen receptor activity (ER) was found in 115 of 175 (66%) tumors of patients treated for primary breast cancer in the period 1974–1981; 60 patients had ER-negative tumors. All patients were under observation for at least 48 months (median 76 months). The 24 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy as part of their initial treatment, were excluded from the analysis of the disease-free interval (DFI). Groups of patients with ER-positive or ER-negative tumors did not differ significantly in clinical characteristics. Patients with ER-positive tumors had a significantly longer DFI than those with ER-negative tumors only in the first year after initial treatment. After prolonged observation a significant difference in recurrence rates was no longer found. In premenopausal women, the DFI was not different for those with ER-positive compared to those with ER-negative tumors, not even in the first year of observation. However, in postmenopausal women, those with ER-positive tumors had a significantly longer DFI up to 3 years after initial treatment but not thereafter. There was no difference in DFI between the ER-positive and ER-negative groups when the tumor stage was taken into account. It is concluded that the ER status of the primary tumor affects prognosis only on the short term.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02235743
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