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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 9 (1993), S. 426-429 
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: HIV-1 ; PCR ; SK38/39 ; SK68/69
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have used two different primer pairs to assess HIV-1 infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study was carried out on 150 individuals: 50 seronegative individuals without risk behaviours for HIV-1 infection, 50 individuals with risk-behaviours but seronegative for HIV-1 and 50 patients with risk-behaviours who were HIV-1 seropositive. Discordances were found between the two primer pairs (SK38/39; SK68/69) in 3 cases. In the non-risk seronegative group, one specimen was scored positive with only one primer pair (SK38/SK39); all the samples belonging to seropositive individuals were found to be positive for HIV-1 DNA using both primer pairs; in the seronegative at risk group 2 samples were positive with only one primer pair (SK38/SK39), and 4 samples were found positive by both primer pairs (SK38/39 & SK68/69). Our study demonstrates that discrepant results take place with relatively high frequency; we propose that all specimens should be tested twice using at least two different primer pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 10 (1994), S. 299-301 
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Antibody response ; Curved bacilli ; Gastric pathology ; Helicobacter pylori
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Helicobacter pylori is associated with peptic ulcer and chronic active gastritis. The response to infection can be determined by measuring serum titers of anti-H.pylori antibodies. We compared antibody liters in 612 serum samples from 570 individuals considered at risk forH. pylori infection, 170 of them are control sera from 110 adults and 60 children with no gastric alterations. The study groups were 93 institutionalized mentally handicapped children, 40 heterosexual couples, 101 HIV-sero-positive patients, 86 patients with chronic renal failure and 40 individuals (20 adults and 20 children) with symptoms associated with gastritis or gastro duodenal ulcer disease. In the adult and child control groups, 33.5% and 11.6% of the individuals had circulating anti-H.pylori antibodies. Significantly more adults (80%) and children (75%) with gastric symptoms had detectable circulating antibody titers. Elevated titers were also found in institutionalized children and in adults with renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der asymptomatischen Phase der HIV-Infektion läßt sich das p24 Antigen (p24 Ag) meist nicht nachweisen; dies ist vor allem darauf zurückzuführen, daß es an anti-p24 Antikörper (p24 Ab) gebunden ist und mit ihnen Immunkomplexe bildet. Bei neun anti-HIV-1 positiven, asymptomatischen Patienten (Stadium II nach CDC Kriterien), die mit r-alpha-Interferon behandelt wurden, wurden Verlaufsbeobachtungen (7,5 +/- 0,5 Monate) durchgeführt. Basis- und Abschlußuntersuchungen auf p24 Ag Immunkomplexe (p24 Ag-IC), freies p24 Ag, p24 Ab, CD4 Zellzahlen, β2-Mikroglobulin, Properdin B Faktor und Komplementfraktionen C3 und C4 wurden dabei vorgenommen. In 55,5% der Proben fand sich p24 Ag-IC, in 5,5% freies p24 Ag. Die Beobachtung gleichbleibender oder ansteigender Werte von p24 Ag-IC im Serum hat möglicherweise prognostische Bedeutung. Unserer Ansicht nach kann der p24 Ab nicht als prognostischer Marker eingesetzt werden, wenn nicht zugleich die Bestimmung von p24 Ag-IC erfolgt.
    Notes: Summary p24 antigen (p24 Ag) is usually not found in patients in the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection, mainly because it is bound to anti-p24 antibodies (p24 Ab), with which it forms immune complexes. Nine asymptomatic patients positive for HIV-1 antibodies (stage II CDC criteria) treated with rα-interferon were followed (7.5+/-0.5 months), and a basal and final sample were tested for p24 Ag immune complexes (p24 Ag-IC), free p24 Ag, p24 Ab, CD4 count, β2-microglobulin, properdin B factor, and C3 and C4 complement fractions. p24 Ag-IC was detected in 55.5% of the samples, whereas free p24 Ag was detected in 5.5%. The finding of no change or an increase in p24 Ag-IC serum levels may be considered a prognostic marker. We believe that p24 Ab cannot be used as a prognostic marker unless p24 Ag-IC detection is simultaneously evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 954-958 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus, 1,993 sera (453 from healthy pregnant women, 491 from Moroccan subjects, 492 from blood donors, 321 from children, and 236 from intravenous drug users) were studied. IgG was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and positive results were confirmed by Western blot. The EIA detected antibodies in 3.96 % of the subjects (5.6 % of the Moroccans and drug users and 1.8 % of the children). Fifty-four percent of these results were confirmed by Western blot, 11.4 % were found to be negative, and 34.2 % indeterminate. The overall prevalence after confirmation by Western blot decreased to 2.15 %. When studying the Western blot pattern of the positive samples, 95 % showed antibodies to SG-3, 65 % to 8–5, and only 9.3 % to CKS fusion protein. In the indeterminate Western blots, the results for these proteins were 96.3 %, 62.9 %, and 37 %, respectively. When the epidemiological data were analysed, no statistically significant differences between women and men or between different age groups were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 884-887 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and to relate genotype to viral load, genotyping and quantification of viral RNA were carried out in 35 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Subtype 1a was most prevalent (43%), followed by subtypes 1b (23%) and 3a (14%). Mean viral load (log HCV-RNA copies/ml) for subtypes 1b, 1a and 3a was 7.1 ± 1, 5.6 ± 1.1 and 4.1 ± 2.4, respectively. The presence of immunoglobulin M was related to the duration of hepatitis and genotype 1 to a more severe hepatic injury and a higher viral load. Differences observed in viral load for a single HCV subtype justify the need to quantify HCV-RNA prior to establishing antiviral therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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