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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organochlorine and Heavy Metal Contaminants in Wild Mink in Western Northwest Territories, Canada (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 34 (1998), S. 406-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The mink (Mustela vison) is a top trophic level species that readily bioaccumulates environmental pollutants and is considered to be a sensitive indicator of ecosystem health. Spatial trends in levels of organochlorine and heavy metal contaminant burdens were determined from 1991 to 1995 for wild mink from western Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. Tissue samples from 207 mink from seven communities were analyzed for residues of 63 organochlorines and 10 heavy metals. All groups of organochlorines were detected in mink livers at relatively low levels; maximum community means were 9.52 ng/g ΣDDT and 73.07 ng/g ΣPCB (sum of 43 congeners). There was a general trend of decreasing organochlorine burdens along a northerly or westerly gradient for some groups of compounds, primarily ΣDDT, ΣPCB, Σchlordane and dieldrin. Toxic equivalents (TEQs) of mink liver tissue were low, with the maximum community mean of 0.28 pg/g wet weight (5.5 pg/g lipid weight). Levels of heavy metal burdens in liver and kidney tissues were found to be relatively low, with the exception of Hg, which was found at moderate levels. There was no obvious geographic trend to the pattern of heavy metal burdens. The available evidence suggests that long-range atmospheric transport is the main source of the organochlorine contaminants observed. Local conditions (geology, water and soil chemistry, diet, etc.) may determine heavy metal burdens. Levels of contaminants in NWT mink appear to be one to two orders of magnitude lower than levels observed to cause reproductive impairment, reduced survival of kits, or lethality in adult mink. In the western NWT mink may be the best indicator to assess trends in environmental contaminants and ecosystem health; periodic monitoring is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900337
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum- und Gewebespiegel nach einmaliger Cefaclorgabe (1979)
    Springer
    Infection 7 (1979), S. 252-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Serum and tissue concentrations of cefaclor were determined a total of 155 and 96 times respectively in 16 volunteers after a single dose of 1 g. At this dosage peak concentrations of 13.5, 14.5 and 13.4 mcg/ml were measured after 60, 90 and 120 minutes respectively. Tissues in which concentrations were measured included cortical bone, spongy bone, muscle, fascia, cutis and subcutis. By measuring blood concentrations of the tissue samples, a division could be made for purposes of calculation into intravascular and extravascular active components. Low amounts of extravascular cefaclor could be established merely in the fascia and in the cutis. The cefaclor concentrations found in spongy bone, muscles and subcutis proved to be determined to a large extent by the intravascular antibiotic. No cefaclor could be detected in cortical bone at the given dosage.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 16 Probanden wurden nach einmaliger Gabe von 1 g Cefaclor insgesamt 155 Serum- und 96 Gewebespiegelbestimmungen durchgeführt. Im Serum wurden bei der genannten Dosierung nach 60, 90 und 120 Minuten Höchstwerte von 13,5, 14,5 und 13,4 mcg/ml gemessen. Die Gewebespiegelbestimmungen erstrecken sich auf Corticalisknochen, spongiöse Knochen, Muskulatur, Fascie, Subcutis und Cutis. Hier wurde durch Bestimmung des Blutgehaltes der Gewebeproben eine rechnerische Trennung in intra- und extravasale Wirkstoffanteile vorgenommen. Lediglich in der Fascie und in der Cutis konnten geringe extravasale Cefaclormengen festgestellt werden. Die für Spongiosa, Muskulatur und Subcutis ermittelten Cefaclorspiegel erwiesen sich als weitgehend durch intravasale Antibiotikabeimengungen bedingt. Im Corticalisknochen konnte bei der gewählten Dosierung überhaupt kein Cefaclor nachgewiesen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01648936
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance and limitations of electron probe microanalysis applied to the characterization of coatings and layered structures (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 353 (1995), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) at low electron energies (typically 3–10 keV) has been used to study the composition of coatings with a film thickness of 0.1–1.3 μm (“bulk” analysis). The accuracy of quantification, including the most critical situation of low atomic number elements (boron-oxygen), is about 5% relative by use of pure element or arbitrary compound standards. A special procedure of data processing (“thin film” analysis) enables the simultaneous determination of film thickness and composition, provided that the substrate is known. The film thickness may be in the range of 2 nm to 5 μm. EPMA can be also applied in the mode of “non-destructive in-depth analysis”, which is based on the combined evaluation of experiments at different electron energies. The quantitative characterization of layered structures and implantation zones is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322075
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vorläufiger Bericht über Cefoxitinspiegel-Bestimmungen in menschlichen Geweben (1979)
    Springer
    Infection 7 (1979), S. S80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In an experimental study the rate of diffusion of cefoxitin into human cutis, fascia, muscle, subcutis, cortex and spongiosa was investigated. The tissue samples were taken during accident surgery after continuous infusion of 45 mg/kg body weight of cefoxitin. The infusions lasted 15, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The cefoxitin concentrations in serum were around 180 mcg/ml during infusion. For the determination of the tissue concentrations a distinction was made between the extravasal and intravasal active substance. The necessary measurement of the blood content of tissue samples was performed partly by means of Hb values and partly by dextran assays. A cefoxitin concentration of 2–6% that in serum was obtained in the tissues investigated. The cefoxitin concentrations measured in the individual tissues are compared with the inhibitory concentrations for several important pathogens.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer experimentellen Studie wurde die Diffusionsrate von Cefoxitin in menschliche Kutis, Faszie, Muskulatur, Subkutis, Kortikalis und Spongiosa untersucht. Die Gewebeproben wurden im Rahmen unfallchirurgischer Operationen jeweils nach einer Dauerinfusion von 45 mg Cefoxitin/kg Körpergewicht und Stunde entnommen. Die Infusionsdauer betrug 15, 16, 90 und 120 Minuten. Die während der Infusion im Serum festgestellten Cefoxitin-Konzentrationen bewegten sich um 180 mcg/ml. Bei der Bestimmung der Gewebespiegel wurde eine Trennung in extra- und intravasale Wirkstoffanteile vorgenommen. Die hierzu notwendige Messung des Blutgehaltes der Gewebeproben erfolgte teils über den Hb-Wert, teils auf dem Wege über eine Dextran-Bestimmung. In den untersuchten Geweben wurde eine Cefoxitin-Konzentration von 2–6% des Serumspiegels erreicht. Die in den einzelnen Geweben verzeichneten Cefoxitin-Konzentrationen werden mit den für einige wichtige Erregerstämme bekannten Hemmkonzentrationen verglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01639468
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    284. Atypische Hemipelvektomie bei schwersten Kombinationsverletzungen des Beckens (1983)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 361 (1983), S. 782-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Pelvic fracture ; Vascular lesion ; Bowel injury ; Hemipelvectomy ; Beckenfraktur ; Gefäßverletzung ; Darmverletzung ; Hemipelvektomie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammmfassung Vom 1.1. 1973 bis 31.12.1982 wurden 24 schwere Beckenkombinationstraumen behandelt. Ursachen: Verkehrsunfalln = 12, Quetschverletzungn = 7, Verschüttungn = 2, Sturz aus größer Höhen = 3. Gruppe 1: mit Verletzung von Iliacal- bzw. Femoralgefäßen, Letalität: 57 % (n = 15). Gruppe 11: ohne Gefäßbeteiligung, Letalität: 12 % (n = 9). Zwei Fälle von schwerer Quetschverletzung (einmal durch Eisenbahnpuffer, einmal durch Papierwalzen werden geschildert). Beide Verletzte überlebten nach atypischer Hemipelvektomie.
    Notes: Summary A total of 24 pelvic fractures combined with abdominal, visceral, genito-urinary tract and vascular injuries were treated during a 10-year period (1 January 1973 to 31 December 1982). Type of accident: road injury (12), crush injury (7), fall from high altitude (3), buried alive (2). Group 1: trauma with vascular lesion (13), mortality 57 %;group II: without vascular lesion (9), mortality 12 %.Two cases of major crush injury of the pelvis are reported. Both patients survived after atypical hemipelvectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276109
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance and limitations of electron probe microanalysis applied to the characterization of coatings and layered structures (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 353 (1995), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) at low electron energies (typically 3–10 keV) has been used to study the composition of coatings with a film thickness of 0.1–1.3 μm (“bulk” analysis). The accuracy of quantification, including the most critical situation of low atomic number elements (boron–oxygen), is about 5% relative by use of pure element or arbitrary compound standards. A special procedure of data processing (“thin film” analysis) enables the simultaneous determination of film thickness and composition, provided that the substrate is known. The film thickness may be in the range of 2 nm to 5 μm. EPMA can be also applied in the mode of “non-destructive in-depth analysis”, which is based on the combined evaluation of experiments at different electron energies. The quantitative characterization of layered structures and implantation zones is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021653530389
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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