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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase equilibria of a near-critical ionic system. Critical exponent of the order parameter (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 10472-10478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The density ρ of coexisting phases of the ternary system water+1,4-dioxane+potassium chloride was investigated along the liquid–liquid–solid coexistence curve near the critical end-point using a vibrating tube densimeter. By visual determination, this lower critical end-point was located at 311.026±0.010 K with a mole ratio dioxane (D) to water (W) rc=nD/nW=0.418±0.004. Density measurements were carried out in the range 0.01 K〈(T−Tc)〈31.5 K (i.e., 3×10−5〈t=(T−Tc)/Tc〈0.1). The obtained coexistence curve displays an apparent sharp crossover at reduced temperatures t(similar, equals)10−2 from a nonclassical (Ising) to a classical (mean field) exponent. In ancillary experiments, the critical salt concentration was determined. Reduced critical values were calculated and compared with those predicted by the simplest ionic model (RPM, Restricted Primitive Model). The relation between critical behavior and reduced critical parameters in the present and other non-Coulombic systems is discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1409362
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conductivity of concentrated aqueous mixtures of NaCl and MgCl2 at 25°C (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 18 (1989), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Electrolytic conductivity ; aqueous solutions ; mixed electrolytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract As part of a cooperative study of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous mixtures of NaCl and MgCl2 at 25°C, we report values of the molar conductivities of the mixed electrolyte in the concentration range 0.5 to 3.6 molar. It was found that the conductivities in the mixtures differ from those calculated assuming additivity of the conductivities of the component binary solutions by 4.65 S-cm2-mol−1 at constant total molarity and 0.50 S-cm2-mol−1 at total ionic strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657336
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conductivity of dilute solutions of mixed electrolytes. Part 2: The system NaCl-MgCl2 at 25°C (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 21 (1992), S. 1107-1114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Conductivity ; mixed electrolytes ; magnesium chloride ; sodium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The conductivities of dilute aqueous mixtures of NaCl-MgCl2 have been determined at various ionic compositions and at 25°C. These results are used to assess the applicability of modern theories of electrolytic conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00651857
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of aqueous phosphate solutions: Apparent molar heat capacities and volumes of the sodium and tetramethylammonium salts at 25°C (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 439-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Partial molar heat capacities ; partial molar volumes ; phosphoric acid ionization ; and sodium phosphate ion pairs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A Picker flow microcalorimeter and a flow densimeter were used to obtain apparent molar heat capacities and apparent molar volumes of aqueous solutions of Na3PO4 and mixtures of Na2HPO4 and NaH2PO4. Identical measurements were also made on solutions of tetramethylammonium salts to evaluate the importance of anion-cation interaction. The experimental apparent molar properties were analyzed in terms of a simple extended Debye-Hückel model and the Pitzer ion-interaction model, both with a suitable treatment for the effect of chemical relaxation on heat capacities, to derive the partial molar properties of H2PO 4 − (aq), HPO 4 2− (aq) and PO 4 3− (aq) at infinite dilution. The volume and heat capacity changes for the second and third ionization of H3PO4(aq) have been determined from the experimental data. The importance of ionic complexation with sodium is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01004477
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volumetric properties of aqueous electrolytes at high temperature. II. B(OH)3 and B(OH)3−NaB(OH)4−NaOH mixtures up to 523 K (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 25 (1996), S. 377-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Boric acid ; borate aqueous solutions ; densities ; mixtures hydroxide-borate ; partial molar volumes ; high temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The densities of boric acid aqueous solutions and sodium hydroxide-sodium borate mixtures were measured as a function of concentration, between 375 and 523 K at pressures close to saturation. The partial molar volumes of boric acid were obtained and it was found that they are almost independent of the concentration. The partial molar volumes of the sodium hydroxide-sodium borate mixtures were fitted to the Pitzer equation for mixtures using the known parameters for NaOH. Thus, the partial molar volume at infinite dilution and the Pitzer parameters of sodium borate could be obtained by assuming ideal mixing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00972893
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volumetric properties of aqueous electrolytes at high temperature. III. B(OH)3−NaBx(OH)3x+1−NaOH mixtures up to 523 K (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 25 (1996), S. 391-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Densities ; boric acid-sodium borate mixtures ; partial molar volumes ; high temperature ; polyborates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The densities of aqueous solutions resulting from the partial neutralization of boric acid with sodium hydroxide were measured as a function of concentration, between 375 K and 523 K at pressures close to saturation. The speciation in this system is complex, di- and triborate ions are present in addition to the monoborate ion. The concentration dependence of the apparent partial molar volume of the mixture can be described using the Pitzer equation only if the formation of the polyborate species in the concentrated solutions is taken into account. The partial molar volumes at infinite dilution for the diborate and triborate anions, obtained by assuming ideal mixing, are reported in the range of temperature studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00972894
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Electrolytic Conductivity Theories: Performance of Classical and New Theories (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 29 (2000), S. 237-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Conductivity ; electrolytes ; electrolyte theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Conductivity equations, based on the mean spherical approximation (MSA), haverecently been derived. We compare their performance with that of classicalequations at the level of experimental uncertainty using conductivity data forsome typical electrolyte solutions. For symmetrical electrolytes, the pictureisconsistent showing a better performance for the classical equations. The Leeand Wheaton equation also shows advantages at moderate concentrations. Forunsymmetrical electrolytes, the differences between MSA and classical equationsis larger. There is, however, an inherent inconsistency with the equilibriuminformation, which cannot be resolved at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005198316676
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conductivity of Dilute Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions at High Temperatures and Pressures Using a Flow Cell (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 29 (2000), S. 217-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Flow-through cell ; conductivity ; electrolyte ; ion association ; temperature ; pressure ; LiCl ; NaCl ; KCl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A flow-through electrical conductance cell was assembled in order to measuremolar conductances of dilute aqueous electrolytes with a high degree of accuracyat high temperatures and pressures. The design of the cell is based on the conceptdeveloped at the University of Delaware and built in 1995, with modificationsthat will allow the cell to operate at much higher temperatures (to 600°C) andpressures (to 300 MPa). At present, the cell has been tested successfully bymeasuring aqueous (10−4-10−3 mol-kg−1) solutions of LiCl, NaCl, and KCl attemperatures 25–410°C and pressures 9.8–33 MPa. The results are in goodagreement with reported values, including those measured with the Delawareflow-through cell. These new results are also complementary to our previousresults, which were measured with a static high-pressure cell. Measurements attemperatures near the critical point of water (374°C, 22.1 MPa) require the useof lower solution concentrations that were unachievable in the past with thestatic cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005146332605
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conductivity of dilute electrolyte solutions: Expanded lee and wheaton equation for symmetrical, unsymmetrical and mixed electrolytes (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 22 (1993), S. 557-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Electrolytic conductivity ; electrolyte mixtures ; unsymmetrical electrolytes ; lee-Wheaton equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The conductivity equation of Lee and Wheaton is expanded in a power series in the ionic strength I. Different levels of approximation are analyzed and it is shown that for unsymmetrical electrolytes it is necessary to keep the terms I3/2lnI and I2 to maintain the performance of the full equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646931
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conductivity of dilute aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride at 25°C (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 17 (1988), S. 1059-1065 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Electrolytic conductivity ; aqueous solutions ; ionic mobility ; magnesium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract There is a disagreement in the literature regarding the best value of Λo[1/2MgCl2]. For this reason, the conductivity of dilute aqueous MgCl2 solutions have been determined at 25°C. The new experimental data and those available in the literature have been analyzed with two theoretical treatments of electrolytic conductivity. On the basis of that analysis, the values 129.72±0.05 and 53.40±0.05 S-cm2-mol−1 for Λo[1/2MgCl2] and λo[1/2Mg2+], respectively, are recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647801
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