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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 114 (1992), S. 128-130 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; surgery for epilepsy ; occipital lobe epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Out of 502 patients with surgically treated drug-resistant chronic epilepsy (tumour cases excluded) in 12 (2%) a clear occipital focus was found. The pattern of seizures was in most cases nonspecific and polymorphic. EEG examination and neuroradiological findings led to proper localization of the epileptogenic focus. Partial or total occipital lobectomy was performed. Follow-up from 4 to 20 years revealed a satisfactory result in 11 of the surgical cases. One patient was lost to follow-up. Brain scarring was found in the histological examination of specimens in 9 out of 12 patents. The results of the surgical treatment of occipital lobe epilepsy are much better than in other localizations of epileptogenic foci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 1069-1070 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Intraspinal tumour; melanoma of the CNS.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ A case of primary intraspinal melanoma is presented. This is a very rarely observed lesion, as only 37 cases have been described up to now. Patient presenting with signs and symptoms of spinal cord compression after MRI and spinal angiography was operated upon. Total removal of an intraspinal cervical tumour was performed. Histopathological investigation confirmed melanoma. Subsequent radiotherapy was given. Follow up of 4 years duration showed no signs of recurrence in MRI and full motor and sensory recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Intracranial aneurysm ; spontaneous internal carotid occlusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Out of 921 patients diagnosed and treated for intracranial aneurysm in 5 cases (0,5%) the co-existence of ruptured aneurysm and occlusion of the internal carotid artery was found. 4 patients were treated surgically-aneurysm clipping-without serious post-operative complications and 6 months follow-up showed satisfactory results. In 4 of 5 cases the aneurysm was located on the anterior communicating artery (ACA); this fact may support the hypothesis concerning a possible role of enhanced blood flow in aneurysm formation and rupture. In cases with good collateral blood flow extra-/intracranial bypass before aneurysm occlusion seems not to be necessary. The risk of operation in those patients is not as high, as might be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 105 (1990), S. 117-120 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain abscess ; management ; results ; epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 67 cases of brain abscess were analyzed retrospectively. As 2 comatose patients died on admission before any treatment was started, the results are based on 65 treated patients. Different methods of treatment included: total removal in 36 patients, drainage in 14, aspiration in 6 and conservative treatment in 9. Management mortality was 18,5% and was almost not dependent on the method of treatment (except aspiration) being lowest in the drainage group. The mortality was significantly higher in patients with serious impairment of consciousness on admission. Follow-up examination after 1 to 11 years was performed in 47 out of 53 discharged patients and revealed in 25 of them (53%) full recovery. 10 additional cases (21%) are independent. The best early and long term results were obtained in patients by drainage and medical treatment. Chronic epilepsy developed in 34% of patients with supratentorial lesions. The risk of epilepsy was lowest in the group of patients treated by drainage. The authors present the opinion that removal of brain abscess is necessary only in exceptional cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 119 (1992), S. 49-52 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Aneurysm surgery ; postoperative epilepsy ; prophylactic anticonvulsant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the risk of epilepsy after aneurysm operations. The patients were discharged after operation without any anticonvulsant prophylactic treatment and followed-up for 12 months. Out of 128 such patients 121 were submitted for final evaluation. Epilepsy was diagnosed if two or more seizure attacks occurred during that time. Such attacks occurred in 8 patients, so the risk of epilepsy was estimated at 7% for the 12 months after operation in patients without prophylactic treatment. In another 3 patients single seizures occurred during the follow-up, they were not treated with anticonvulsant drugs; seizures did not recur for up to two years. Detailed analysis of the patients with late epilepsy revealed that most of them were pre-operatively in the 3rd clinical group according to WFNS scale. The rationale for the use of prophylactic anticonvulsants after aneurysm surgery seems to be doubtful in view of this study and data from the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 103 (1990), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Intracranial aneurysms ; early aneurysm surgery ; calcium channel blockers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the last 3,5 years (up to August 1988) out of 450 patients with surgically treated intracranial aneurysms in 100 cases (22%) acute surgery was performed (up to 72 h after SAH). Patients in grade I-III (WFNS scale) were operated upon. In all the cases there were supratentorial aneurysms. CSF drainage during the operation was used routinely and nimodipine topically, in intravenous infusion and orally was applied. In all the cases, but one, the aneurysms was clipped. Follow-up — 1 year. Assessment of the results was done using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Full recovery was obtained in 78 patients and further 5 patients are independent. There were 14 deaths, in 7 patients due to postoperative vasospasm. Symptomatic ischaemia developed in 25 patients, however, in 15 of them it was fully reversible, due to the possibility of aggressive antivasospastic treatment (hypervolaemia, induced arterial hypertension). The relatively worse results were obtained in patients with chronic arterial hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage ; early aneurysm clipping ; cyclosporine A ; neurological outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study we found that the neurological outcome in patients anaesthetised for early clipping (up to 72 h after SAH) of a ruptured aneurysm and treated with cyclosporine A was significantly better than the neurological state of control patients without immuno-suppressive treatment. The results justify the presumption that auto-immune reactions are involved in the deterioration of the postoperative neurological state of patients with SAH after rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Supplementing a standard surgical and pharmacological treatment with cyclosporine A seems to reduce the undesirable neurological consequences of the immunologically, induced vascular disturbance after SAH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 112 (1991), S. 96-99 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Intracranial aneursym ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; aneurysm development ; cerebral angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among 964 patients diagnosed and treated for intracranial aneurysms in 5 evidence of formation of new aneurysms was found. Repeat angiography, performed after the second SAH, revealed new aneurysms on arteries normal on previous angiograms; there were multiple aneurysms in 3 cases. In 4 cases, the aneurysms were formed within 3 to 6 years. In the authors' opinion, the possibility of formation of new aneurysms after the cure of a demonstrable one, should be considered in all aneurysmal patients, especially in multiple cases. Possible mechanisms of development of new aneurysms are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: SAH ; immunosuppression ; 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine ; neurological outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty patients suffering from subarachnoid haemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysm and operated on within 72 h after SAH were treated with an experimental immunosuppressive drug 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CDA). dose 0.05 mg/kg/day i.v. for 7 days. The 2-CDA treatment was started immediately after angiographic confirmation of ruptured aneurysm, and the standard pharmacological treatment (nimodipine and steroids) was also given. 50% of patients were severely threatened by “delayed vasospasm” or late neurological deficit (Fisher's score 3 or 4). The neurological outcome (assessed 8–12 weeks after SAH) was good (GOS=1) in 70%, and fair (moderate disability, GOS=2) in 25%. A single case of severe disability (GOS=3), as well as two cases of less than perfect outcome (GOS=2), were related to unusual pre- or intraoperative complications. We conclude that the low doses of 2-CDA can be considered as a valuable adjunct to the standard pharmacotherapy of SAH patients operated on early.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 4 (1981), S. 61-69 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Temporal lobe epilepsy ; EEG and stereo-EEG examination ; Temporal lobectomy ; Pathological substrates ; Surgery in children ; Bilateral temporal EEG abnormalities ; Mental retardation ; Temporallappen-Epilepsie ; EEG und Stereo-EEG-Untersuchung ; Temporale Lobektomie ; Pathologische Befunde ; Operative Behandlung bei Kindern ; Bilaterale Krampfherde ; Psychische Retardierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der Neurochirurgischen Klinik der Medizinischen Akademie Warschau wurden 282 Kranke mit Temporallappenepilepsie operativ behandelt. Ätiologisch fanden sich: Traumen in 43,2%, darunter Geburtstraumen in 19,5%, Infektionen in den ersten Lebensjahren in 19,8% und Mikrotumoren in 6,8%. Ungeklärt blieben 30%; 50% hatten Anfälle vor dem 10. Lebensjahr und 76% vor dem 20. Eine antiepileptische Therapie wurde im Durchschnitt über 9 Jahre durchgeführt. Serien-, Aktivierungs- (jetzt mit Ketamin) und Stereo-EEG-Ableitungen, sowie intracarotideale Amythal-Tests wurden routinemäßig durchgeführt. Interiktale epileptiforme Abnormalitäten fanden sich am häufigsten (in 154 Fällen) bilateral. Das operative Vorgehen erfolgte nach Penfield's Technik mit Elektrokortikographie und nachfolgender Resektion des Temporallappens, in der nicht dominanten Hemisphäre in einer Ausdehnung von 6 bis 10 cm und in der dominanten von 4 bis 5 cm, mit der Saugtechnik. In 75% fanden sich mikroskopische Veränderungen im Hippocampus, in 20% sogenannte Hamartome und in 6,8% Mikro-Gliome. 2 Kranke verstarben, 13 hatten Hemiparesen, davon 3 in permanenter Form. Die Autoren legen die Spätergebnisse von 262 Fällen nach 2 bis 22 Jahren vor. 127 Kranke (48,5%) hatten ein sehr gutes Ergebnis und 42 (16%) ein gutes Ergebnis mit 1 bis 2 Anfällen jährlich, d. h. 169 Kranke oder 64,5% waren anfallsfrei oder nahezu anfallsfrei. Weitere 47 Patienten (18%) gaben eine wesentliche Anfallsreduzierung von mindestens 50% an. 44 Fälle, d. h. 16,8% blieben unbeeinflußt. Das Ergebnis war am besten bei unilateralem EEG-Focus. Die Existenz eines zusätzlichen Focus in anderen Teilen des Temporallappens beeinflußte das Operationsergebnis nicht, wenn der dominante Krampfherd entfernt wurde. Unter 24 Fällen mit gleichmäßig ausgeprägten bitemporalen Krampfherden erlaubten Stereo-EEG-Untersuchungen den führenden Krampfherd bei 13 Kranken (54%) aufzudecken. Eine eingehende Analyse des Spätergebnisses bei 51 Kindern unter 15 Jahren führte zu der Erkenntnis, daß auch bei jüngeren Kindern der Eingriff durchgeführt werden kann, wenn der EEG-Krampfherd eindeutig lokalisiert ist.
    Notes: Summary In our clinic at the Medical Academy in Warsaw 282 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were treated surgically. The causes of the illness were trauma in 43.2%, including birth trauma in 19.5%, infections diseases in early life in 19.8%, and microtumours in 6.8%. In 30% the aetiology was unknown. Fifty per cent had fits before 10 years and 75% before 20 years of age. The period of conservative treatment was on average nine years. Serial and stereo-EEG recordings including activation by ketamine, as well as intracarotid sodium amytal tests were performed routinely. The interictal EEG epileptiform abnormalities were found most frequently in both temporal lobes (154 cases). The operation was carried out according to Penfield's technique, with electrocorticography and resection of the temporal lobe extending for 6 to 10 cm in the nondominant hemisphere and for 4 to 5 cm in the dominant hemisphere using suction technique. In 75% microscopical changes in the hippocampus were found, in 20% so-called hamartomas and in 6.8% small gliomas. Two patients died and in 13 patients there was a hemiparesis which was transient in 10. The authors present the analysis of late results of 262 cases with a follow-up from 2 to 22 years after operation. Very good results were obtained in 127 cases (48.5%) — no attacks since leaving the clinic. Good results were observed in 42 patients (16%) — not more than 1–2 attacks a year. Thus, the operation resulted in freedom from attacks, or nearly so, in 169 cases (64.5%). In an additional 47 patients (18%) there was a significant reduction (at least 50%) in seizures without complete freedom from attacks, and in 44 cases (16.8%) no improvement was observed. The analysis of our series suggests that the best results may be obtained in patients with unilateral temporal EEG changes. The existence of an additional focus in parts of the other temporal lobe does not impair the operative results when the dominant epileptic focus has been removed. Among 24 cases with equally pronounced bitemporal EEG abnormalities the stereo-EEG studies allowed detection of the epileptic focus in 13 patients (54%). Detailed analysis of the results, obtained in 51 children below 15 years of age, led to the conclusion that temporal lobe epilepsy should be operated upon even in young children, provided that the epileptic focus can be clearly identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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