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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 6 (1973), S. 145-145 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 238 (1970), S. 389-395 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei Theorien der Polymerkristallisation werden kurz wiedergegeben und diskutiert auf der Grundlage einer Revision der allgemeinen Keimbildungstheorie, wie in einer vorhergehenden Veröffentlichung dargelegt. Da Kristallisationskeime, wie sie üblicherweise definiert werden, nicht existieren, ist die freie Energie zur Keimbildung, wie sie zur Berechnung der Keimbildungs-häufigkeit oder Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit herangezogen wird, ein irreführender Begriff. Diese Größen sind in Abhängigkeit von Parametern zu beschreiben, die die Angliederung von Polymersegmenten an die wachsenden Kristalle bzw. deren Abtrennung von diesen beherrschen. Es wird jetzt angenommen, daß die Kristallisation von Polymeren durch Angliederung von Segmenten erfolgt, die aus einem einzigen oder einigen wenigen Monomereinheiten bestehen, statt durch einzelne Schritte von ganzen “Faltungslängen”. Kettenfaltung alsVorbedingung zur Kristallisation wird als höchst unwahrscheinlich verworfen; sie könnte alsErgebnis der Kristallisation auftreten. Kinetische Daten der Kristallisation von Polymeren allein geben keinen Schlüssel zur Frage, welche die richtige Theorie ist, da die hergeleiteten Parameter der freien Grenzflächenenergie im wesentlichen die freien Parameter der Theorie sind.
    Notes: Summary Two polymer crystallization theories are reviewed and discussed against the background of a revision of general nucleation theory, given in a preceding paper. Since crystallization nuclei, as usually defined, do not exist, the free energy of formation of a nucleus, such as it is applied for the calculation of nucleation frequency or rate of crystal growth, is a misleading concept. The latter quantities must be described as functions of parameters governing the attachment of polymer segments to, and their separation from, the growing crystal. The crystallization of polymers is supposed to proceed via attachment of segments of one or a few polymer repeating units rather than by steps of a whole “fold length” at once. Chain folding as aprerequisite for crystallization must be rejected as being highly improbable; it may be theresult of crystallization. One cannot decide from data on polymer-crystallization kinetics alone which theory is right or wrong, since it is the derived interfacial free-energy parameters that are actually the adjustable parameters of the theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 211 (1966), S. 516-517 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This communication presents a morphological description of the phenomenon and of the underlying type of nucleation. My observations were made with a microscope (Reichert 'Zetopan-Pol') equipped with a hot stage and 24-mm camera, and mainly with the polarizers crossed. For most of my experiments I ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 237 (1970), S. 289-297 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Betrachtung eines detaillierten Molekularmodells für die Kristallisation stellt es sich heraus, daß es Keime wie in der klassischen Theorie definiert, nicht gibt, da ja die Bildung stabiler Kristalle auf einer Vielzahl von Wegen erfolgt, die über nicht im Gleichgewicht befindliche Konfigurationen aller Art führen. Die “Keimbildungsarbeit”, wie sie zur Berechnung der Keimbildungshäufigkeit oder Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit herangezogen wird, ist ein irreführender Begriff. Diese Größen sind in Abhängigkeit von Parametern zu beschreiben, die die Angliederung von Molekülen an die wachsenden Kristalle bzw. deren Abtrennung von diesen beherrschen. Betrachtet man Kristallwachstum als das Ergebnis einer Reihe aufeinanderfolgender sekundärer Keimbildungen, so werden damit die aus experimentellen Daten bei dem Wachstum hergeleiteten Parameter der freien Grenzflächenenergie größer als bisher angegeben. Eine “Monte Carlo”-Simulierung der Keimbildung sowie des Kristallwachstums bestätigt obige Schlußfolgerungen.
    Notes: Summary Consideration of a detailed molecular model shows that nuclei, as defined in classical theory, do not exist because initiation of stable crystals proceeds via a multitude of possible paths involving all types of nonequilibrium configurations. The “work of formation of a nucleus” as used for the calculation of nucleation frequency or rate of crystal growth is a misleading concept. The latter quantities are to be described as functions of parameters governing the attachment of molecules to, and their separation from, the growing crystal. When we consider crystal growth as the result of a succession of secondary nucleations, the interfacial free energy parameters derived from experimental data on the rate of growth become larger than they were hitherto stated to be. Monte Carlo simulation of nucleation and of crystal growth confirms the above conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1915-1929 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Available methods for testing the transparency of plastic sheet and film have been found inadequate as regards the correlation between measurement and visual observation. A newly developed procedure, based on the determination of light transmission within a very small angle, gives good correlation. The application of the method and its limitations, due to the difference in optical effect of small-angle and large-angle scattering, are discussed. A description is given of the instrument, a special feature of which is that it gives direct readings of optical density and transparency.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 11 (1973), S. 117-135 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The nucleating activity of a large number of nucleating agents for the crystallization of polyolefins is not based on a high surface free energy of the substrate or on epitaxy, or on a minimum particle size just compatible with the thickness of the crystallizing polymer lamellae, or on any persistance of crystalline material in holes of the nucleating particles. The relevant mechanism is thought to be nucleation at steps of limited length in the surface of the nucleating particles. The nucleation is enhanced by a high degree of accommodation of polymer molecules at the surface of the substrate through the presence of ditches in the latter which cause prealignment of polymer chains and thus facilitate crystallization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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