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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of propofol on intraoperative electrocorticography and cortical stimulation during awake craniotomies in children (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 10 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Propofol has been proposed as a sedative agent during awake craniotomies. However, there are reports of propofol suppressing spontaneous epileptiform electrocorticography (ECoG) activity during seizure surgery, while others describe propofol-induced epileptiform activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if propofol interferes with ECoG and direct cortical stimulation during awake craniotomies in children. Children scheduled for awake craniotomies for resection of epileptic foci or tumours were studied. An intravenous bolus of 1–2 mg·kg−1 followed by infusion of 100–200 μg·kg−1·min−1 of propofol was administered to induce unconsciousness. Fentanyl (0.5 μg·kg−1) was administered incrementally to provide analgesia. After the cortex was exposed, the propofol infusion was stopped and the patient permitted to awaken. Cortical electrodes were applied. ECoG was recorded continuously on a Grass polygraph. Motor, sensory, language, and memory testing were done throughout the procedure. The cortex was stimulated with a hand-held electrode using sequential increases in voltage to map the relevant speech and motor areas. We studied 12 children (aged 11–15 years) with intractable seizures. The raw ECoG did not reveal any prolonged β-waves associated with propofol effect. Electroencephalogram spikes due to spontaneous activity or cortical stimulation were easily detected. Cognitive, memory and speech testing was also successful. We conclude that propofol did not interfere with intraoperative ECoG during awake craniotomies. Using this technique, we were able to fully assess motor, sensory, cognitive, speech and memory function and simultaneously avoid routine airway manipulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2000.00430.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous release of endostatin from microencapsulated engineered cells for tumor therapy (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 19 (2001), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Research studies suggest that tumor-related angiogenesis contributes to the phenotype of malignant gliomas. We assessed the effect of local delivery of the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin on human glioma cell line (U-87MG) xenografts. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells were stably transfected ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/83481
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptides (1991)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 14 (1991), S. 97-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; central nervous system ; Huntington's disease ; neuropeptides ; opiods ; Parkinson's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This review summarizes the revolutionary impact of brain peptides on our understanding of the nervous system and then discusses the localization, distribution, synthesis, receptor sites, and possible function of 32 brain peptides. The peptides are discussed in three subgroups: I) the opioid peptides, which include beta-endorphin, the enkephalins, and dynorphin; II) the pituitary releasing hormones, most of which are wide-spread in the brain and include corticotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, somatostatin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone; and III) a selection of 12 other peptides potentially important for neurological function, including vasopressin, oxytocin, substance P, cholecystokinin, bombesin, neurotensin, renin, angiotensin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and calcitonin. Within each individual peptide section, the possible physiological roles in anterior pituitary hormone release, blood-flow regulation, feeding behavior, temperature regulation, nociception, memory and learning, and movement are reviewed. Further, where noted, the peptide findings in Huntington's, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and psychiatric diseases are emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313031
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereotactic techniques in managing pediatric brain tumors (1993)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 9 (1993), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Pediatrics ; Stereotactic ; Cerebral neoplasm ; Astrocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stereotactic techniques available for managing pediatric brain tumors include not only stereotactic biopsy but also stereotactic craniotomy, brachytherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. This paper illustrates the use of these techniques in brain tumors in children over a 2-year period at Children's Hospital, Boston. Stereotactic biopsy was used in six cases of deep-seated tumor, with successful tissue diagnosis in all six. Stereotactic craniotomy, in which excision of a mass was done in the stereotactic frame with computed tomography-guided localization and control, was employed in three children. Interstitial radiation using implanted 125I seeds was carried out in two children with malignant astrocytomas: in both it provided good local control but there was later distant recurrence. Stereotactic radiosurgery with a modified linear accelerator was used in eight children as adjunctive therapy for local control. These cases illustrate the versatility of stereotactic techniques involved in a comprehensive approach to pediatric brain tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302038
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harvey Cushing's postoperative sketches of pediatric brain tumors (1991)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 7 (1991), S. 56-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Harvey Cushing ; Intraoperative sketches ; Medical art ; Medical history ; Pediatric neurosurgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Harvey Cushing was a man of many talents. Not only was he a premier surgeon and scientist, but a prolific author and artist as well. In this paper, we present two postoperative sketches of pediatric brain tumors drawn by Dr. Cushing. These sketches are representative of drawings which accompany many of his operative notes at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. About 25% of Cushing's surgical sketches depict operations performed on children. The most commonly drawn childhood tumors were craniopharyngiomas and gliomas of the brain stem and cerebellum. These drawings reveal how Cushing maintained detailed records of his surgical experience. It is clearly evident from these records that Dr. Cushing gained substantial experience in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263836
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arginine vasopressin causes morphological changes suggestive of fluid transport in rat choroid plexus epithelium (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arginine vasopressin ; Choroid plexus ; Fluid transport ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The experiments described herein use an in vitro preparation of choroid plexus to demonstrate that it is a vasopressin-responsive organ by morphologic criteria. Choroid plexus from rats was incubated for one hour in graded concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Within physiologic range of molar concentration, incubation in vasopressin induced a decrease in basal and lateral spaces in choroid plexus epithelial cells as well as an increase in number of dark cells. The number of cells with basal spaces decreased significantly from 82.7±9.2 in control tissue to 19±18 in tissue incubated in 10-12 M AVP; similarly, the number with lateral cellular spaces decreased from 20±8.8 to 7.6±2.2 cells in 10-10 M AVP. Dark cells increased in number from 3.8±2.6 in control conditions to 49±4 with 10-9 M vasopressin. These data suggest important effects of arginine vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on choroid plexus, compatible with enhanced fluid transport across choroid epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215901
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Estrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta in Human Meningiomas (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 42 (1999), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: meningioma ; estrogen receptor ; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The predominance of meningiomas in females, their accelerated growth during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; and the association between meningiomas and breast cancer has led to a number of studies examining the potential role of steroids on the growth of meningiomas. It is generally agreed that the majority of meningiomas possess the progesterone and androgen receptor. There are numerous discrepancies in the literature among the results for estrogen receptor (ER). The aim of this study was to examine the expression of ER-α mRNA and the recently described novel ER, ER-β in meningiomas. Using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Southern blot analysis thirty-four meningiomas were examined for the presence of ER-α and ER-β. Forty-four percent of meningiomas showed a strong band for ER-β mRNA and sixty-eight percent of meningiomas showed a strong band for ER-α mRNA. The involvement of ER-β in meningioma biology should be examined further, given the differences in the ER-α and ER-β gene products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006158514866
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allocentric Visuospatial Processing in Patients with Cerebral Gliomas: A Neurocognitive Assessment (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 49 (2000), S. 235-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: brain tumor ; visuospatial ; allocentric ; prefrontal ; posterior parietal ; neuropsychology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Visuospatial function is a central neuropsychological domain which has been neglected in brain tumor studies. This study examined visuospatial function in 4 groups of brain tumor patients. The investigation involved 27 adult tumor subjects, 25 of whom had undergone resection and radiotherapy. Ten normal adults acted as controls. The 4 tumor groups were based on neuroanatomic locus – focal lesions were localized to clearly defined visuospatial areas in the left or right posterior parietal cortex or prefrontal cortex. Neuroanatomic and visuospatial assessment parameters were specified: only allocentric ('mental' or 'conceptual') operations were examined. A theoretical framework outlined the role of the posterior parietal and prefrontal cortices in allocentric spatial processing. Six visuospatial tests involving allocentric operations were applied to patients in whom tumors involved these cortical areas. In numerous analyses, the 4 tumor groups showed no significant differences with the control group on the allocentric tests. Between-group comparisons were also not significant. Analyses by gender revealed significant differences on shape rotation and line orientation tests, especially in the right hemisphere and parietal groups. Comparisons between focal radiation subgroups and 'nonradiation' subgroups produced unclear results. The main conclusions are that despite the presence of frontal or parietal tumors, (1) allocentric processing is hardly compromised, and (2) females show lower spatial performance than males due to tumor-related effects on a pre-existing pattern of cerebral lateralization. The study emphasizes the need to address visuospatial function in the neuropsychological study of brain tumor patients, particularly the role of intact spatial processing in this patient group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006442124300
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permanent low-activity iodine-125 implants for cerebral metastases (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 33 (1997), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: brachytherapy ; cancer ; intracranial neoplasms ; metastatic tumors ; radiation therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Beginning in 1987, selected patients with metastatic braintumors were treated with permanent implants of low-activityradioactive iodine-125 (125I) seeds. These patients underwent craniotomy,gross total resection of the metastatic lesion, andplacement of the seeds. In general, criteria fortreatment included the presence of a recurrent tumorwith a volume too large to permit radiosurgery,and a Karnofsky Performance Score of 70 orhigher. Thirteen patients underwent 14 implant procedures; allreceived external whole-brain radiotherapy. Implant dose ranged from43 Gy to 132 Gy, with a meanof 83 Gy. Survival after implantation ranged from2 weeks to almost 9 years, with amedian of 9 months. Clinical and radiographic localcontrol was obtained in 9 patients. Two patientsdied of acute, postoperative complications within a monthof implantation, so no information regarding tumor controlis available for them. Late complications included abone flap infection in one patient and aCSF leak in another; both were treated withoutfurther sequelae. These results demonstrate that permanent 125I implants canresult in good survival and quality of life,and occasionally can yield long-term survival. Potentially, itis a cost-effective treatment in that a separateprocedure for stereotactic implantation or radiosurgery is notneeded, as is the case with the useof temporary high-activity seeds. The permanent implantation itselfadds less than 10 minutes to the craniotomy,and the risk of symptomatic radiation necrosis islow. We recommend consideration of this procedure inpatients harboring large, recurrent metastatic tumors that requirefurther surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005798027813
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of prolactin and bombesin on the growth of meningioma-derived cells in monolayer culture (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 16 (1993), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: bombesin ; prolactin ; growth factors ; meningioma ; brain neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Meningioma growth is thought to be stimulated by the sex hormones progesterone and possibly estrogen. We report here stimulation of growth of meningioma-derived cells in culture by prolactin. Fourteen human tumors taken from surgery were initially grown in Ham's medium F10 with 15% fetal calf serum. The tumors were then trypsinized and resuspended in medium in a multi-well plate with either prolactin or bombesin; the cells were incubated for 1 week, washed, and resuspended for cell counting. The growth-stimulating effect of prolactin at 10 and 200 μg/ml was compared with bombesin at 5 mM/ml or 15 mM/ml. A growth index compared cell count in the experimental well to the control well; growth at the rate of the control well was given an index of 1.0. The tumors included 7 meningiomas and 7 other neoplasms (3 astrocytomas, an ependymoma, a pine-oblastoma, a hemangiopericytoma, and a metastatic adenocarcinoma). For meningiomas incubated in 10 μg/ ml prolactin, the growth index was 3.08; for those incubated in 200 (μg/ml prolactin, it was 2.28. Bombesin indices were 1.7 and 1.2 at 5 mM/ml and 15 mM/ml, respectively. By 2-tailed t-testing both prolactin concentrations stimulated the growth of meningiomas significantly (P≤0.02), while bombesin did not. Neither peptide enhanced the growth of the other tumors tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01057032
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