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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 9 (1976), S. 579-582 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 291-292 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das erst kürzlich am System Aceton/Diäthyläther/Polystyrol (AC/DEE/PS) erstmals beobachtete Phänomen der «Echten Kosolvenz» wird bezüglich seiner Druckabhängigkeit untersucht und mit dem thermodynamischen Verhalten der entsprechenden binären Subsysteme verglichen. Zur Feststellung der Grenzen der vollständigen Mischbarkeit diente dabei eine Druckapparatur, die zur Messung der Trübung von fluiden Phasen im Bereich von -70 bis +500°Cund von 1 bis 4000 bar (105 bis 4·108 Nm-2) gebaut wurde.Die für das System DEE/PS (MPS = 20400) beobachtete kritische Kurve verlluft ahnlich wie die in der Literatur fur AC/PS angegebene, d. h. die oberen kritischen Entmischungs-temperaturen werden mit steigendem Druck zu kleineren, die unteren kritischen Entmi-schungstemperaturen zu griiljeren Werten verschoben. Im Falle der echten Kosolvenz (MPS = 110000) umschreibt die kritische Kurve fur Normaldruck den Bereich von Tempe-ratur und Zusammensetzung des Mischlosungsmittels, in dem die Liisungen unabhangig von der Polymerkonzentration stets homogen bleiben. Mit steigendem Druck vergriibert sich dieser Bereich allseitig, so dafi eine trompetenartige kritische Fllche entsteht. Dieses experimentelle Ergebnis wird theoretisch durch die «single-liquid approximation» von Scott recht gut wiedergegeben, wenn man das thermodynamische Verhalten der binaren Subsysteme auf der Basis der Prigogine-Patterson-Theorie beschreibt.
    Notes: The phenomenon of “true cosolvency”, which has only recently been observed in the system acetone/diethyl ether/polystyrene (AC/DEE/PS), is investigated with regard to its pressure dependence and compared with the thermodynamic behaviour of the corresponding binary sub-systems. For the determination of the limits of complete solubility, a pressure apparatus was used which had been constructed, in order to measure the turbidity of fluids in the temperature range of -70 to +500°Cand in the pressure range of 1 to 4000 bar (105 to 4·108 Nm-2).The critical line observed for the system DEE/PS (MPS=20400) looks similar to that reported for AC/PS in the literature, i.e. the upper critical solution temperatures are shifted towards lower and the lower critical solution temperatures towards higher values when the pressure is increased. In the case of true cosolvency (MPS=110000), the critical line for atmospheric pressure encircles the range of temperature and composition of the mixed solvent within which the solutions stay homogeneous irrespective of polymer concentration. With increasing pressure, this range expands all around, thus creating a trumpet-like surface. This experimental result is well reproduced theoretically by the “single-liquid approximation” of Scott, where the thermodynamic behaviour of the binary sub-systems is described on the basis of the Prigogine-Patterson theory.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The demixing behavior of 20 representatives of the system oligo(dimethylsiloxane)/oligo(propylene glycol) (ODMS/OPG)The prefix “oligo” has been chosen for all products, since the addition or removal of a few monomeric units changes the physical properties considerably (cf. Tab. I), even in the case of the highest molecular weight sample. is investigated at pressures up to 1 500 bar. The degrees of oligomerization range from 2 to 5 for the first and from 1 to 57, 6 for the second component. The experimental results are compared with those for the previously studied system oligoisobutene/oligo(propylene glycol) (OIB/OPG). In both cases the observed upper critical temperatures Tc increase with the number of monomeric units of the less polar component, whereas they run through a minimum when the number of monomeric units of the glycol is raised. For the present system the Tc values are found to be considerably higher than that of OIB/OPG and the optimum compatibility can normally be observed already between 1 and 7 propylene glycol units as against 50 in the case of OIB/OPG. In the low pressure region Tc of ODMS/OPG is decreased by pressure for all representatives of this system, while enhanced incompatibility has been found with OIB/OPG. For ODMS/OPG the special features of the critical lines are determined by the chain length of OPG, for OIB/OPG by that of OIB. For ODMS/OPG the initial reduction of Tc by pressure is most pronounced with the highest molecular weight oligo(propylene glycol), for which it amounts up to 0,3 K/bar; with increasing pressure and decreasing chain length the effects become smaller. For the lowest molecular weight sample of OPG the critical lines show a vertex at 700-1000 bar. In any case the two systems under consideration behave in an increasingly similar manner as the pressure is raised. The theoretical evaluation and discussion of the above results is performed by analogy with that of the first paper in this series.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 1115-1132 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: By a study of two ternary systems, 4-heptanon-1-chlorobutane-poly(methyl methacrylate) and 2-butanol-1-chlorobutane-poly(methyl methacrylate), differing only in one component of the mixed solvent, two types of demixing behavior are demonstrated: i.e., a monotone change with composition of the mixed solvent (monotony), of which the first system is a good example, and the synergistic behavior (cosolvency) exhibited by the second system. The situation can be seen most clearly from the binodal edges (precipitation thresholds as a function of solvent composition) which were constructed from various types of sections through the binodal surface of the systems.In order to compare experimental results with theoretical calculations, we first characterized the binary subsystems. The polymer solutions, representing conventional (endothermal) theta systems, were investigated by light scattering and cloud point measurements. For the cosolvent 2-butanol-1-chlorobutane the necessary thermodynamic information was accessible from vapor pressure measurements. Applying the Prigogine-Patterson theory to the polymer solutions and using the single-liquid approximation of Scott for the ternary systems yielded theoretical binodal edges in good agreement with experiment except for the branch belonging to mixed solvents rich in 2-butanol. This finding is explained by an abnormal amplification of preferential solvation effects due to the existence of an association equilibrium of the alcohol via hydrogen bonds.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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