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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Ozone (O3) is a common air pollutant associated with adverse health effects. Asthmatics have been suggested to be a particularly sensitive group.Objective This study evaluated whether bronchial epithelial cytokine expression would differ between healthy and allergic asthmatics after ozone exposure, representing an explanatory model for differences in susceptibility.Methods Healthy and mild allergic asthmatic subjects (using only inhaled β2-agonists prn) were exposed for 2 h in blinded and randomized sequence to 0.2 ppm of O3 and filtered air. Bronchoscopy with bronchial mucosal biopsies was performed 6 h after exposure. Biopsies were embedded in GMA and stained with mAbs for epithelial expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, GRO-α, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM–CSF), fractalkine and ENA-78.Results When comparing the two groups at baseline, the asthmatic subjects showed a significantly higher expression of IL-4 and IL-5. After O3 exposure the epithelial expression of IL-5, GM–CSF, ENA-78 and IL-8 increased significantly in asthmatics, as compared to healthy subjects.Conclusion The present study confirms a difference in epithelial cytokine expression between mild atopic asthmatics and healthy controls, as well as a differential epithelial cytokine response to O3. This O3-induced upregulation of T helper type 2 (Th2)-related cytokines and neutrophil chemoattractants shown in the asthmatic group may contribute to a subsequent worsening of the airway inflammation, and help to explain their differential sensitivity to O3 pollution episodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface & Coatings Technology 52 (1992), S. 235-241 
    ISSN: 0257-8972
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface & Coatings Technology 57 (1993), S. 51-59 
    ISSN: 0257-8972
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting In veldproeven werden roggebladeren, voor de bloei en op verschillende tijdstippen na de bloei, geïnoculeerd metCochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum) teneinde het antagonisme tegen dit pathogeen door de van nature voorkomende schimmelflora —inclusief gisten—te bestuderen. Eerder uitgevoerde kasproeven hebben aangetoond dat saprofytische fyllosfeerschimmels met succes met perthotrofe pathogene schimmels wedijveren om de voedingsstoffen die vrijkomen uit het stuifmeel (Warren, 1972b; Fokkema, 1973). Verschillende niveaus van saprofytische bladkolonisatie werden verkregen door de proefveldjes met benomyl of met water te behandelen (Fig. 1).C. sativus is relatief weinig gevoelig voor benomyl. Het gemiddeld percentage necrotisch bladoppervlak ten gevolge van inoculatie metC. sativus vlak na de bloei was in 1972 en in 1973 ruim 60% lager op met water behandelde bladeren dan op met benomyl behandelde bladeren (Fig. 2). Op dit moment heeft de natuurlijke schimmelflora op de met water bespoten bladeren een populatiedichtheid bereikt van 10000 propagula per cm2 bladoppervlak in 1972 en van 3000 propagula per cm2 in 1973. Benomylbespuiting beperkte de kolonisatie tot 1200 en 400 propagula per cm2 in respectievelijk 1972 en 1973, hetgeen blijkbaar een reductie van de antagonistische capaciteit van de schimmelflora tot gevolg had. In 1974 bereikte de saprofytische kolonisatie op de met water behandelde bladeren, vlak na de bloei, slechts een niveau van 500 propagula per cm2, hetgeen niet genoeg bleek om antagonistisch te kunnen zijn. Benomyl had een gedifferentieerd effect op de aantallen fyllosfeerschimmels:Cryptococcus spp. (‘witte gisten’) werden niet nadelig beïnvloed,Sporobolomyces roseus (‘rode gisten’) enCladosporium spp. werden gereduceerd tot minder dan 6% van hun populaties op de contrôle bladeren, enAureobasidium pullulans werd geëlimineerd (Tabel 1). De bacterieflora varieerde enorm per blad en werd niet door benomyl beinvloed. Wanneer later in het seizoen in 1972 en in 1974 de ‘witte gisten’ op de met benomyl bespoten bladeren populatiedichtheden bereikten van 6500 propagula/cm2 of meer, dan was de infectie van deze bladeren vergelijkbaar met die van de met water behandelde bladeren met hogere populatiedichtheden (Fig. 2). Boven een populatiedichtheid van 6500 propagula/cm2 bestond er geen correlatie meer tussen de dichtheid van de antagonisten en hun werking.
    Notes: Abstract Different densities of saprophytic colonization of rye leaves were obtained in field experiments by spraying with benomyl or water. In 1972 and in 1973, inoculation withCochliobolus sativus, just after flowering, resulted in 60% less necrosis on water-sprayed leaves than on benomyl-sprayed leaves. At that time, the natural mycoflora of the water-sprayed leaves amounted to 10 000 and 3000 propagules per cm2 leaf surface in 1972 and 1973, respectively. The benomyl treatment reduced the colonization to 1200 and to 400 propagules per cm2 in 1972 and 1973, respectively, which implied an apparent reduction of the antagonistic capacity of the mycoflora. In 1974, the saprophytic colonization of the water-sprayed leaves reached only 500 propagules per cm2 just after flowering, a population density not high enough to be antagonistic. Benomyl had a differential effect on the phyllosphere fungi:Cryptococcus spp. were not affected,Sporobolomyces roseus andCladosporium spp. were reduced to less than 6% of the control populations, andAureobasidium pullulans was eliminated. When later in the seasons of 1972 and 1974 the ‘white yeasts’ on the benomyl-sprayed leaves reached population densities of 6500 propagules per cm2 and more, inoculation of these leaves resulted in a necrosis similar to that of the water-sprayed leaves with higher population densities. Above a population density of 6500 propagules per cm2 no correlation existed between the density of the antagonists and their action onC. sativus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: copper incorporation ; protein conformation ; trypsination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Light-induced structural changes in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides were investigated using two approaches. Cu2+ was used as a paramagnetic structural probe. The EPR spectrum of Cu2+ incorporated into the metal-depleted reaction centers was affected by 1,10-phenanthroline, an electron transfer inhibitor substituting QB, which suggests a localization of Cu2+ in a vicinity of the Q B − site. However, the spectrum was not influenced by low temperature (77 K) illumination of the sample which suggests that the copper ion position is not exactly the same as that of the iron ion. Freezing the reaction centers under illumination in the presence of potassium ferricyanide and 1,10-phenanthroline caused a change in the shape of the Cu2+ EPR spectrum in comparison to that of a sample frozen in darkness. These data indicate a change of the Cu2+ ligand symmetry owing to light-induced structural changes which are probably located near the acceptor side of the reaction center. Partial trypsinolysis of reaction centers was also used to locate the structural changes. Trypsin treatment in the dark and under illumination resulted in different peptide patterns as detected by gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Partial amino-acid sequence analysis of a number of peptides, characteristic of either light- or dark-treated reaction centers, showed that they originated from the acceptor sides of the H and M subunits. The occurrence of light-induced structural differences in the H-subunit is consistent with the suggestion that it may be involved in regulating electron transfer in this part of the reaction center.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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