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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial and fungal agents in house dust and wheeze in children: the PARSIFAL study (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Growing up on a farm and an anthroposophic lifestyle are associated with a lower prevalence of allergic diseases in childhood. This might be related to increased inhalatory exposure to microbial agents.Objective To assess the association between microbial agents in house dust and atopic wheeze in farm children, Steiner school children and reference children.Methods Levels of bacterial endotoxin, fungal β(1,3)-glucans and fungal extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) in mattress and living room floor dust were measured in a population of 270 atopic (=Phadiatop-positive) children with self-reported wheezing, including 168 current atopic wheezers, and 441 non-atopic, non-symptomatic controls. These children were selected from a cross-sectional study in five European countries.Results In the study population as a whole, average levels of mattress dust endotoxin, EPS and glucans were slightly (1.1–1.2-fold; P〈0.10) higher in control children than in atopic wheezers. Atopic wheeze was related to mattress levels of endotoxin, EPS and glucans in farm and farm-reference children. However, when adjusting for group (farm vs. farm-reference children), the associations became non-significant whereas the group effect remained. No associations between atopic wheeze and microbial agents were observed in Steiner and Steiner-reference children. For current atopic wheeze, the farm effect became non-significant after adjustment for microbial agent levels.Conclusion Not only bacterial endotoxin but also mould components might offer some protection against atopic wheeze in children. However, the protective effect of being raised on a farm was largely unexplained by the mattress microbial agent levels measured in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02339.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial and fungal components in house dust of farm children, Rudolf Steiner school children and reference children – the PARSIFAL Study (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Growing up on a farm and an anthroposophic lifestyle are associated with a lower prevalence of allergic diseases in childhood. It has been suggested that the enhanced exposure to endotoxin is an important protective factor of farm environments. Little is known about exposure to other microbial components on farms and exposure in anthroposophic families.Objective:  To assess the levels and determinants of bacterial endotoxin, mould β(1,3)-glucans and fungal extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) in house dust of farm children, Steiner school children and reference children.Methods:  Mattress and living room dust was collected in the homes of 229 farm children, 122 Steiner children and 60 and 67 of their respective reference children in five European countries. Stable dust was collected as well. All samples were analysed in one central laboratory. Determinants were assessed by questionnaire.Results:  Levels of endotoxin, EPS and glucans per gram of house dust in farm homes were 1.2- to 3.2-fold higher than levels in reference homes. For Steiner children, 1.1- to 1.6-fold higher levels were observed compared with their reference children. These differences were consistently found across countries, although mean levels varied considerably. Differences between groups and between countries were also significant after adjustment for home and family characteristics.Conclusion:  Farm children are not only consistently exposed to higher levels of endotoxin, but also to higher levels of mould components. Steiner school children may also be exposed to higher levels of microbial agents, but differences with reference children are much less pronounced than for farm children. Further analyses are, however, required to assess the association between exposure to these various microbial agents and allergic and airway diseases in the PARSIFAL population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00748.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early morphogenesis of persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis and primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV) (1993)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 231 (1993), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study provides scanning electron microscopic observations on the early morphogenesis of persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis and primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV) in canine fetuses at days 28 35 postcoitum (D28 and D35). From previous studies regarding PHTVL/PHPV it is known that a retrolental plaque of fibrovascular tissue is present in eyes of affected canine fetuses from the D33 stage. The contribution of vitreous cells to the formation of the plaque is supported by the results of this study. The lens capsules at the stages described were not found to contain abnormalities such as transparent (thinner) parts or rents, as have been described for postnatal cases of PHTVL/PHPV. These findings support the hypothesis that the capsular anomalies observed in postnatal patients are secondary entities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01681697
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early morphogenesis of the canine lens, hyaloid system, and vitreous body (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 220 (1988), S. 435-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study deals with the early morphogenesis, from day 25 to day 35 post coitum (D25-D35), of the canine lens, lens capsule intraocular vascular system, and vitreous body. The breeding method used provides a higher accuracy as to the gestational age of the obtained fetuses than employed previously.The development of the lens, the intraocular vascular system, and the vitreous body of the dog's eye is analogous to that in other mammal species. The findings of this study, combined with data obtained from the literature, suggest that the period during which ocular development takes place is earlier in larger mammalian species than in the smaller ones.Previous descriptions of ocular development in other mammalian species, and one in the dog, reported that the development of the lens capsule starts posteriorly and proceeds towards the anterior part of the lens vesicle. In the present study, the periodic acid - Schiff positive anlage of the capsule was observed to fully surround the lens vesicle at D25, a development that is different and earlier than described previously in the dog and different from that described in other mammals. Moreover, a clear thickening of the capsule was not observed until capillaries of the tunica vasculosa lentis had reached its proximity.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092200414
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