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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expressing the yeast HAL1 gene in tomato increases fruit yield and enhances K+/Na+ selectivity under salt stress (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The yeast HAL1 gene facilitates K+/Na+ selectivity and salt tolerance of cells. Ectopic expression of HAL1 in transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants minimized the reduction in fruit production caused by salt stress. Maintenance of fruit production by transgenic plants was correlated with enhanced growth under salt stress of calli derived from the plants. The HAL1 transgene enhanced water and K+ contents in both leaf calli and leaves in the presence of salt, which indicates that HAL1 functions in plants using a similar mechanism to that in yeast, namely by facilitating K+/Na+ selectivity under salt stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00719.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Priming of seeds with NaCl induces physiological changes in tomato plants grown under salt stress (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 96 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of seed priming with 6 M NaCl solution have been investigated with respect to growth and physiological responses of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Pera) exposed to 70 and 140 mM NaCl nutrient solutions from 11 to 60 days after sowing. Tomato seedlings from primed seeds emerged earlier than from non-primed seeds. At 70 mM, a lower shoot and root dry weight reduction was found in plants from primed seeds at the different harvests (30, 45 and 60 days after sowing), while at 140 mM the positive effect of seed priming was only shown in roots. Significant changes in Na+ and CI− accumulation with seed priming were only found in roots at 60 days after sowing, with ion accumulation in roots being higher in plants grown at 70 and 140 mM from primed seeds. In leaves of salt-treated plants, significant increases in sugars and organic acids with seed priming were found from 30 days after sowing, and these increases were higher at longer treatment times. In roots, however, only the organic acids tended to increase in plants from primed seeds, although they increased less than in leaves, especially at 60 days after sowing. These results support the hypothesis that priming of seeds with NaCl induces physiological changes in the plants, changes which are shown more clearly at advanced growth stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00207.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salinity effects on water relations in Lycopersicon esculentum and its wild salt-tolerant relative species L. pennellii (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 83 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill. cv. P-73 and its wild salt tolerant relative L. pennellii (Correll) D'Arcy accession PE-47, were grown during spring-summer 1989 under unheated plastic greenhouse conditions. Plants were submitted to two different salt treatments using 0 and 140 mM NaCI irrigation water. In both tomato species, salinity caused a proportionally larger reduction in leaf area than in leaf weight and, in L. esculentum, a proportionally larger decrease in stem weight than in leaf weight. Daily variations in leaf water potential (Ψ1) were fundamentally due to changes in the evaporative demand of the atmosphere. Reductions in Ψ1 due to salinity were consistent only in L. esculentum. In all the conditions studied, leaf turgor was maintained. Leaf conductance (g1)was higher in L. esculentum than in L. pennellii.Salinity induced a clear reduction in g1 levels in L. esculentum whereas, in L. pennellii, this reduction was noted only in May. In both species the Ψos (leaf osmotic potential at full turgor) levels were reduced by salinity. The bulk modulus of elasticity (E) and relative water content at turgor loss point (RWCtlp) were not affected by salinity. The RWCtlp values in L. pennellii seem to be controlled by E values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb02152.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water relations and osmotic adjustment in Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pennellii during short-term salt exposure and recovery (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 89 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill. cv. P-73 and its wild salt-tolerant relative L. pennellii (Correll) D'Arcy accession PE-47 growing on silica sand in a growth chamber were exposed to 0, 70, 140 and 210 mM NaCl nutrient solutions 35 days after sowing. The saline treatments were imposed for 4 days, after which the plants were rinsed with distilled water. Salinity in L. esculentum reduced leaf area and leaf and shoot dry weights. The reductions were more pronounced when sodium chloride was removed from the root medium. Reduction in leaf area and weight in L. pennellii was only observed after the recovery period. In both genotypes salinity induced a progressive reduction in leaf water potential and leaf conductance. During the recovery period leaf water potential (ψ1) and leaf conductance (g1) reached levels similar to those of control plants in wild and cultivated species, respectively. Leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (ψos) decreased in the salt treated plants of both genotypes, whereas the bulk modulus of elasticity was not affected by salinity. Leaf water potential at turgor loss point (ψtlp) and relative water content at turgor loss point (RWCtlp) appeared to be controlled by leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (ψos) and by bulk modulus of elasticity, respectively. At lowest salinity, the wild species carried out the osmotic adjustment based almost exclusively on Cl− and Na+, with a marked energy savings. Under highest salinity, this species accommodate the stress through a higher expenditure of energy due to the contribution of organic solutes to the osmotic adjustment. The domesticated species carried out the osmotic adjustment based always on an important contribution of organic solutes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb05196.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and osmotic adjustment of two tomato cultivars during and after saline stress (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 166 (1994), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: growth ; osmotic adjustment ; saline stress ; solutes ; Lycopersicon esculentum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of a short period of saline stress was studied in two phenotypically different cultivars, one of normal fruit-size (L. esculentum cv. New Yorker) and one of cherry fruit-size (L. esculentum var.cerasiforme cv. PE-62). In both cultivars the relative growth rate (RGR) and the leaf area ratio (LAR) decreased following salinisation. The leaf turgor potential (ψp) and the osmotic potential at full turgor (ψos) decreased to the same extent in both cultivars. However, the contributions of organic and inorganic solutes to the osmotic adjustment was different between cultivars. New Yorker achieved the osmotic adjustment by means of the Cl− and Na+ uptake from the substrate, and by synthesis of organic solutes. In the cherry cultivar organic solutes did not contribute to the osmotic adjustment, instead, their contribution decreased after salinisation. After the salt stress was removed, the water stress disappeared, the content of organic solutes decreased in plants of both cultivars and, therefore, their growth was not retarded by the diversion of resources for the synthesis of organic solutes. However, the toxic effects of the Cl− and Na+ did not disappear after removal of the salt stress, and the net assimilation rate (NAR) and the rate of growth (RGR) did not recover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185483
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salinity tolerance of normal-fruited and cherry tomato cultivars (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Maas-Hoffman model ; non-linear regression ; salt-tolerance ; selection ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The salinity tolerances (NaCl) of 8 normal-fruited tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and 4 cherry tomato cultivars (L. esculentum var.cerasiforme) were determined by yield-substrate EC response curves, according to the Mass-Hoffman model, modified by van Genuchten and Hoffman (1984). The same model was used to determine the response curves of leaf dry-weight, stem dry-weight, and plant height against substrate EC and also between yield and leaf concentrations of Cl- and Na ions. According to the salinity-threshold (maximum EC-value without yield reduction) and slope (yield decrease per unit EC increase) parameters, determined from the yield-EC response curves, the cherry tomato cultivars were more salt-tolerant than the normal-fruited ones. However, on the basis of vegetative growth characters-EC response curves, cherry tomato cultivars and normal-fruited ones were similarly affected by NaCl. The ranking of the cultivars by their salinity tolerance, determined from the plots of yield vs. leaf concentrations of Cl- and Na ions, was the same as that evaluated from the yield vs. substrate EC plots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150056
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of tomato cultivars to salinity (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 150 (1993), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ion contents ; L. esculentum ; NaCl-tolerance ; salinity ; tomato cultivars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The responses of five tomato cultivars (L. esculentum Mill) of different degrees of salt tolerance were examined over a range of 0 to 140 mM NaCl applied for 3 and 10 weeks. Judged by both Na and Cl accumulations and maintenance of K, Ca and Mg contents with increasing salinity, the most tolerant cultivars (Pera and GC-72) showed different responses. The greater salt tolerance of cv Pera was associated with a higher Cl and Na accumulation and a lower K content in the shoot than those found in the other cultivars, typical of a halophytic response to salinity. However, the greater salt tolerance of cv GC-72 was associated with a retention of Na and Cl in the root, restriction of their translocation to the shoot and maintenance of potassium selectivity under saline conditions. The salt tolerance mechanisms that operated in the remaining cultivars were similar to that of cv GC-72, as at first they excluded Na and Cl from the shoots, accumulating them in the roots; with longer treatment, the ability to regulate Na and Cl concentrations in the plant was lost only in the most salt sensitive cultivar (Volgogradskij), resulting in a massive influx of both ions into the shoot. The salt sensitivity of some tomato cultivars to salinity could be due to both the toxic effect of Na and Cl ions and nutritional imbalance induced by salinity, as plant growth was inversely correlated with Na and Cl contents and directly correlated with K and Ca contents. This study displays that there is not a single salt tolerance mechanism, since different physiological responses among tomato cultivars have been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013017
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