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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid state fermentation and fractionation of oat straw by Basidiomycetes (1983)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 18 (1983), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Seventee white-rot and brown-rot fungi were screened for their ability to fractionate the lignocellulose structure of oat straw through the preferential attack of lignin or cellulose. Fermentations were carried out under solid-state conditions with 25 g quantities of straw. The fermented straw was analyzed for weight loss, Klason lignin loss and cellulase digestion. All the fungi attacked both lignin and carbohydrate fractions causing 3–28% weight losses and 26–34 g/100 g enzymatic digestibility. Polyporus tulipiferae, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Polyporus sp. were tested for the effects of various nitrogen, phosphate and carbon levels, incubation temperatures and incubation time. The three fungi had different responses to these factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500835
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of canavanine, oxygen, and urea on the steady-state levels of nitrogenase in Anabaena flos-aquae (1972)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 86 (1972), S. 13-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The influence of ammonium salts, canavanine, light intensity, oxygen and urea on the activity of nitrogenase of Anabaena flos-aquae was measured in standing and chemostat cultures. Canavanine (30 μg/ml) was shown to inhibit the synthesis of nitrogenase. The progressive loss of nitrogenase activity observed after addition of canavanine to algal suspensions was shown to be due to a disturbance of the steady state between bicsynthesis and inactivation of nitrogenase caused by endogenous factors, oxygen and urea. Oxygen inactivates nitrogenase rapidly at concentrations greater than 30%, kinetic data show that the reaction is first order with respect to time and enzyme concentration and second order for oxygen. Transient experiments in chemostats in the presence of canavanine and/or urea (3.0 mM) in the dark or light, gassed with N2/CO2 or air/CO2 support the hypothesis that the steady state concentrations of nitrogenase in growing algal cells are maintained by synthesis counteracting inactivation. Experimental data suggest absence of repression of synthesis of nitrogenase by urea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412396
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of synthesis of nitrogenase in batch and continuous culture of Anabaena flos-aquae (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 80 (1971), S. 242-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nitrogenase of Anabaena flos-aquae was inactivated by oxygen and recovery of activity was measured in batch and iron, phosphate and urea-limited continuous cultures. In batch culture, canavanine, chloramphenicol, methylamine, proflavine, puromycin and urea inhibited the recovery process. The rate of recovery of nitrogenase activity in continuous cultures was dependent on light intensity, concentration of urea, ammonium salts and nitrate, and independent of growth rate. Oxygen and urea caused an inactivation of nitrogenase in continuous cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410125
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between phosphates and alkaline phosphatase of Anabaena flos-aquae in continuous culture (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 80 (1971), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Anabaena flos-aquae was grown in chemostats with phosphate-limiting growth and dilution rate of 0.015–0.03 h-1. The yields of cells were dependent on dilution rate and a two-fold increase obtained by growth in the presence of 15 mM KNO3. Alkaline phosphatase activity varied 20-fold, lowest activity with excess phosphate light-limited cells and the highest activity with cells grown in the presence of 15 mM KNO3. There was no correlation between hot water soluble phosphate of cells and alkaline phosphatase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411879
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogenase activity and nitrogen assimilation in Anabaena flos-aquae growing in continuous culture (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 80 (1971), S. 234-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Anabaena flos-aquae is grown in chemostats under phosphate and urea-limited conditions. Nitrogenase activity in phosphate-limited cells has a maximum activity at a dilution rate of 0.025 h-1 and is repressed 24-fold by 15 mM KNO3. Cultures growing on 1.5 mM nitrate obtain 1/2–2/3 of cell nitrogen from N2. Cells form inducible nitrite assimilating enzymes when grown on nitrate. Algae growing under A or He on limiting urea or phosphate-limited with nitrate have active nitrogenase. The ratio of nitrogenase activity to heterocyst numbers varied 90-fold depending on source of nitrogen, 15 mM KNO3 gave the smallest ratio. The regulatory mechanisms controlling the activity of nitrogenase in blue-green algae is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410124
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid state fermentation of oat straw by Polyporus sp A-336 and the effect of added sugars (1984)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 6 (1984), S. 657-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Supplementing oat straw in SSF by Polyporus sp A-336 with xylose, mannose, glucose and arabinogalactan at levels of 5 and 10% of straw weight stimulated lignin degradation and cellulose hydrolysis. Degradation of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose was monitored for 30 days in plain straw, and straw plus xylose and showed that xylose shortened the lag in lignin breakdown and slowed hemicellulose utilization. At 24 days, similar polymer losses occurred in both systems and enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis had reached a maximum of 47% weight loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00133832
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of lipase of Aspergillus foetidus in a batch stirred reactor (1987)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 9 (1987), S. 601-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Maximum lipase production byAspergillus foetidus was obtained from cultures grown in the medium of 2% olive oil and 0.5% sucrose. The optimal conditions for the production of lipases in the Multigen fermenters were found to be at 500rpm with an airflow of 1.5 liter per mimute. Immobilization of the fungal source was found to be infeasible in natural polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026670
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state fermentation of maple wood by Polyporus anceps (1980)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 2 (1980), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Solid-state fermentations of alkali-treated maple wood shavings were carried out at 30°C in three types of static tray fermenters using Polyporus anceps. Comparison of the fermentation products after 40 days showed a recirculating tower bioreactor (RTB) to be more effective for the production of protein and the consumption of substrate than either a shallow or deep static tray fermentation vessel. Use of the RTB resulted in 70% substrate utilization and a residue containing 17% crude protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142038
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of microbial protein from tree bark by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 1639-1649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Phanerochaete chrysosporium was grown in fermentors on NaOH-extracted maple, pine, and cedar barks at the optimum substrate concentration of 1% (w/v). The yields (mg protein/liter) on maple, pine, and cedar were 1500, 1200, and 880, respectively, which are probably due to the different lignin contents of the barks. Lignin is not utilized. The productivities at 30°C obtained for pine (4.07 × 10-2 g protein/liter hr) and cedar (2.63 × 10-2 g protein/liter hr) barks were greater than for maple (2.63 × 10-2 g protein/liter hr). The substrate (bark) was the limiting component of the fermentation. Over the 26-38°C temperature range protein productivity increased by a factor of three (1.55 × 10-2 vs. 4.61 × 10-2 g protein/liter hr) for maple bark. Low agitation rates resulted in an overproduction of cellulase and reduced levels of microbial protein.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260201010
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of different gas environments on bench-scale solid state fermentation of oat straw by white-rot fungi (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 382-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three white-rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Polyporus tulipiferae, and Polyporus sp. A336 were grown on 100-g amounts of chopped oat straw in gassed 4.5 L (diameter 16 cm, height 23 cm) solid-state reactors for two weeks. The different gas atmospheres were regulated by (1) air diffusion through foam plugs, (2) intermittent or continuous air flow, (3) intermittent oxygen, 50 or 100% continuous oxygen flow, and (4) continuous 10% carbon dioxide in oxygen flow. The fermented straw was analyzed for total weight loss, Klason lignin loss, and enzymatic (cellulase) hydrolysis. P. chrysosporium grown on straw in continuous oxygen at 35°C caused a 41% weight loss and 33.5% hydrolysis was obtained when the pretreated straw was hydrolyzed with cellulase enzyme. P. tulipiferae caused a 27% weight loss and 34.3% cellulase hydrolysis in the straw at 30°C. Polyporus sp. A336 selectively degraded lignin of the straw and under intermittent oxygen resulted in an 18% weight loss and 33.6% cellulase hydrolysis at 35°C. When the straw was supplemented with 10% xylose (straw basis) and was continuously gassed with 50% oxygen, Polyporus sp. A336 produced a 14.5% weight loss and 38.7% cellulase hydrolysis. Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange rates were measured for some of these bench-scale fermentations.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270324
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