Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 3334-3339 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 21 (1982), S. 376-387 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Linear viscoelasticity ; thermorheological simplicity ; material-specific function ; nonlinear constitutive equation ; strain measure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In linear viscoelastic investigations the frequency dependence of the phase shift between stress and strain appears to be very characteristic of the molecular structure of the material. This function is also a good approximation of the slope of the double logarithmic plot of the absolute value of the shear modulusG d vs. the angular frequencyω. The product (G d /π) sin 2δ comes very close to the relaxation spectrumH(τ), withτ = 1/ω, in all physical states of the material. The experimentally observed separability of time and strain effects in nonlinear viscoelasticity of highly viscous isotropic polymer fluids imposes restraints to the form of the constitutive equation. A single integral superposition equation of the Boltzmann type containing the product of a time function and a nonlinear strain function gives good results in describing experimental data in shear as well as in elongation. The molecular structure affects both functions in a different way. A universal definition of the nonlinear tensorial strain measure has not yet been developed. There are some indications that a definition on the basis of the principal stretch ratios may be fruitful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 236 (1970), S. 99-111 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden verschiedene, während der Kristallisation in einer gerührten Lösung von linearem Polyäthylen wahrgenommene Erscheinungen eingehend beschrieben. Es zeigt sich, daß eine einfache Strömung unter Scherung die Bildung von Primärkeimen bei gesteigerten Temperaturen in einer 5% igen Xylollösung von linearem Polyäthylen (Marlex) nicht zu beschleunigen vermag. Es wird festgestellt, daß die Bildung von Faserkristallen einsetzt, wenn die Rührgeschwindigkeit des Innenzylinders einesCouette-Gerätes einen der Entstehung derTaylorschen Wirbel entsprechenden Minimalwert übersteigt. Geschlossene Ringe von Faserkristallen, welche sich periodisch um den Rührer bilden, rotieren in Bahnen, welche durch die Mittelpunkte derTaylor-Wirbel gehen. Anscheinend ist eine turbulente Strömung das zweckmäßigste Mittel zum Hervorrufen einer Faserkristallisation; es wird hiermit in der 5% igen Xylollösung von Marlex eine maximale Kristallisationstemperatur von 112°C erreicht. Ferner wird ein Mechanismus zur Bildung von Primärkeimen vom garbenförmigen Typ vorgeschlagen auf Basis von Orientierung und Deformation von Aggregaten in den Geschwindigkeitsfeldern mit parallelen Gradienten zwischen den Wirbeln. Lösungen von Polyäthylen mit hohem Molekulargewicht (Mw=1,5×106) zeigen einen ausgeprägtenWeissenberg-Effekt, der dem Auftreten der ersten Fasern vorangeht. Normalspannungen erniedrigen den kritischen Wert der Rührgeschwindigkeit, bei der in einemCouette-Gerät eine Wirbelbildung auftritt. Dies dürfte eine Erklärung bieten für die beobachtete Faserkristallisation des hochmolekularen Polyäthylens bei Rührgeschwindigkeiten, welche im Falle derNewtonschen Flüssigkeiten zu einer demTaylorschen Kriterium entsprechenden Laminarströmung führen. Die Ablagerung des Fasernetzes auf dem Rührer ist auf Sekundärströmung zurückzuführen.
    Notes: Summary A detailed description of several phenomena observed during crystallization in a stirred solution of linear polyethylene is presented. It is found that simple shear flow is incapable of accelerating the formation of primary nuclei at elevated temperatures in 5% xylene solution of linear polyethylene (Marlex). The onset of fibrillar crystal formation is noted when the stirrer speed of the inner cylinder of aCouette instrument exceeds a minimum value which corresponds to the onset ofTaylor vortices. Closed loops of fibrillar crystals occurring periodically around the stirrer, revolve in orbits which coincide with the centers of theTaylor vortices. Turbulent flow seems to be most effective in inducing fibrillar crystallization and a maximum crystallization temperature of 112°C was achieved with the 5% xylene solution of Marlex. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of primary nuclei of bundlelike type which is based upon orientation and deformation of aggregates in regions of elongational flow between the vortices. Solutions of high molecular weight polyethylene (M w=1.5×106) exhibit a pronouncedWeissenberg effect prior to the appearance of the first fibers. Normal stresses lower the rate of stirring inCouette flow at which vortices occur. This may account for the observed fibrillar crystallization of the high molecular weight polyethylene at stirrer speeds which in case ofNewtonian fluids give rise to laminar flow according to theTaylor criterion. Settlement of the fibrous network on the stirrer results from secondary flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 7 (1968), S. 202-209 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden mit Hilfe einesWeissenberg-Rheogoniometers Versuche an Lösungen von äthylen/Propylen-Mischpolymerisaten in Dekalin durchgeführt, in denen eine stationäre Scherungsströmung von einer kleinen oszillierenden Scherungsdeformation überlagert ist. In der Richtung, senkrecht zu der Scherbewegung, entwickelt sich eine oszillierende Spannung mit gleicher Frequenz wie die der oszillierenden Scherungsdeformation. Die Amplitude dieser Normalspannung ist proportional zu der der oszillierenden Scherung; die in bezug auf die oszillierende Scherung phasengleichen und die um 90
    Notes: Summary Experiments on solutions of ethylene-propylene copolymers in decalin, in which a small oscillatory shear is superimposed on a steady shear flow, were carried out with aWeissenberg rheogoniometer. In the direction perpendicular to the shear there develops an oscillatory stress with the same frequency as the oscillatory shear. The amplitude of this normal stress is proportional to that of the oscillatory shear and the components in phase and 90
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 5 (1966), S. 215-221 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Experiments in which an oscillatory shear flow is superimposed on a steady-state circular shear flow between a cone and a plate were performed on non-Newtonian solutions by means of aWeissenberg Rheogoniometer. The steady-state shear stress and in a first approximation also the normal stress difference arising from the steady shear flow appear not to be influenced by the superimposed oscillatory flow. On the other hand, the dynamic moduli as obtained from the oscillatory parts of shear stress and shear flow are highly dependent on the superimposed steady rate of shear. The absolute value of the complex shear modulus decreases and the phase difference between oscillatory shear stress and shear flow increases in all cases and for all frequencies if the superimposed shear rate is increased. Consequently, this phase difference can become equal to and even larger than π/2. Between the angular frequency ω0 at which the phase difference is π/2 and the steady shear rateq the relation ω0= 1/2,q was experimentally found to exist in most cases. These dynamic results cannot be described by the current theories of viscoelasticity. The large and fast deformations imposed on the material should explicitly be taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 5 (1966), S. 222-227 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Oldroyd's differential equation for elastico-viscous fluids is used to calculate the elements of the shear stress tensor for a shearing type of flow innon-Newtonian solutions in which an oscillatory shear flow is super-imposed on a steady state shear flow. A qualitative agreement with experimental results is obtained even for the very special case where all the time constants, except the stress relaxation time λ1, are supposed to be equal to zero. It is concluded that the differential equation relating stresses and strain for viscoelastic fluids subjected to large deformation has to be defined in a convected co-ordinate system, related by means of total derivatives, e. g. theJaumann derivatives, to the fixed system of reference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 5 (1966), S. 292-302 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary In experiments on polyvinyl acetate and a number of copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate with different ethylene contents it was found that the frequency at which the dielectric loss factorε″ is maximum on theε″-frequency curve decreases very strongly at first to about 10−4 c/s and then less strongly with decreasing temperature. In addition, the area of this dielectric dispersion peak is strongly dependent on temperature in a temperature region near the glass temperatureT g determined dilatometrically. In this temperature region the width of the peak is virtually constant. The dielectric transition temperatureT tr is defined as the temperature at which the area of the dispersion peak is equal to half the sum of the (small) area at low temperature and the maximum area above the transition temperature. This definition of a transition temperature is consequently not based on a given measuring frequency. For polyvinyl acetateT tr ≃T g , as obtained from dilatometry and refractometry. Interference with the measuring results of a strong dependence of the time scale of temperature variations on the transition was not observed. From dynamic-mechanical measuring results obtained at 0.2 c/s the transition temperature can be defined as the temperature at which a break occurs in the storage modulus vs. temperature curve. This mechanicalT tr is usually 5 to 10 degrees higher than the dielectricT tr . The dependence of the transition temperature on the copolymer composition is analogous in both cases and some phenomenological relations can be used to describe this dependence. To this end the crystalline phase and the amorphous phase in copolymers with a high ethylene content are considered to be separate and the transition temperature is plotted against the weight fraction of ethylene in the amorphous phase. Extrapolation of the curve thus obtained gives (−42 ±5) °C as the transition temperature for a branched amorphous polyethylene. This value corresponds to theT tr measured on low density polyethylene with a degree of branching of 20 CH3 groups/1000 C-atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Kramers-Kronig relations ; linear system functions ; viscoelastic material ; shear modulus ; phase angle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of some very plausible assumptions about the response of physical systems to stimuli, such as Boltzmann's superposition principle and the causality principle, Spence showed that the following characteristics obtain for the modulus and compliance functions: (i) They are analytic in the lower half of the complex frequency plane, (ii) they are limited if the frequency tends to infinity, and (iii) the real and imaginary parts are even and odd functions, respectively, of the frequencyω. It can generally be demonstrated that the real and imaginary parts of every function satisfying these three requirements and (iv) without singularities on the real frequency axis, are interrelated by Kramers-Kronig transforms. Similar relations hold between the logarithm of the modulus and the argument of the function. Under certain conditions the Kramers-Kronig relations may be approximated by rather simple equations. For linear viscoelastic materials, for instance, the following approximate relations were obtained for the components of the complex dynamic shear modulus,G * (iω) = G′(ω) + iG″(ω) = G d (ω) expiδ(ω): $$\begin{gathered} G'' (\omega ) \simeq \frac{\pi }{2}\left( {\frac{{dG'(u)}}{{d In u}}} \right)_{u = \omega } , \hfill \\ G' (\omega ) - G'(o) \simeq - \frac{{\omega \pi }}{2}\left( {\frac{{d[G''(u)/u]}}{{d In u}}} \right)_{u = \omega } , \hfill \\ \delta (\omega ) \simeq \frac{\pi }{2}\left( {\frac{{d In G_d (u)}}{{d In u}}} \right)_{u = \omega } . \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ The first of these relations was published long ago by Staverman and Schwarzl and is useful over broad frequency ranges, as is the second relation. The last equation is the most general one, and also is better supported by experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Stress relaxation ; physical aging ; time-temperature superposition ; time-aging time superposition ; ABS/polycarbonate blend
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of physical aging on viscoelastic behaviour of heterogeneous amorphous polyblends of ABS and polycarbonate was studied by means of stress relaxation experiments at different temperatures. The stress relaxation data of the constituent phases ABS and PC are found to be in agreement with the universal description of relaxation behaviour of amorphous polymers at the onset of the glass-rubber transition. The regimes where master curve construction by time-temperature and time-aging time superposition is permitted could be deduced for the thermorheologically complex polyblends. It is shown that the relaxation curves of the ABS/PC blends can be calculated by means of a quasi-elastic extension of the van der Poel-model using the stress relaxation data of the constituent phases and their volume fractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 24 (1985), S. 152-158 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Mirror relation ; nonlinear viscoelasticity ; polyethylene ; polypropylene ; first normal-stress difference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An attempt is made to incorporate into a quasilinear viscoelastic constitutive equation of the Boltzmann superposition type the two mirror relations of Gleissle, as well as his relation between the steady-state first normal-stress difference and the shear viscosity curve. It is shown that the three relations can hold separately within this constitutive model, but not simultaneously, because they require a different nonlinear strain measure, namelyS 12 (γ) =γ − a (γ − 1) (a = 0 forγ ≦ 1,a = 1 forγ ≧ 1) for the mirroring of the viscosities,S 12 (γ) =γ − a (γ−k 2/γ) (a = 0 forγ ≦k, a = 1 forγ ≧k) for the mirroring of the first normal-stress coefficients, and $$S_{12} (\gamma ) = \frac{1}{2}\gamma \{ 1 - erf [ln (\gamma /2 \sqrt k )/\sqrt {2 ln k} ]\}$$ for the third relation. Hereγ denotes the shear strain and erf the error function. Experimental data on melts of a low-density polyethylene, a high-density polyethylene and a polypropylene show that the mirror relations are passable approximations, but that the third relation meets reality surprisingly close if the right value ofk is used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...