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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypo-osmotic swelling-activated release of organic osmolytes in brain slices: implications for brain oedema in vivo (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 77 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A decrease in the intracellular levels of osmotically active species has invariably been seen after swelling of mammalian brain tissue preparations. The exact identity of the species, and the manner of their decrease, remain to be described. We investigated the swelling-activated decrease of organic osmolytes in rat cortical brain slices using 1H- and 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that acute hypo-osmotic shock causes decreases in the levels of a range of intracellular amino acids and amino acid derivatives, N-acetyl-aspartate, creatine, GABA, glutamate, hypotaurine, and also in the levels of the methylamines glycerol-phosphorylcholine, phosphorylcholine and choline. Incubation of cortical slices with the anion channel blockers niflumic acid and tamoxifen caused inhibition of organic osmolyte efflux, suggesting that such osmolyte efflux occurs through anion channels. Intracellular phosphocreatine was also seen to decrease during acute hypo-osmotic superfusion, although intracellular ATP remained constant. In addition, the acidification of an intracellular compartment was observed during hypo-osmotic superfusion. Our results suggest a link between brain energy reserve and brain osmoregulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00403.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of solar damage and actinic keratosis in a Merseyside population: reply from authors (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04056.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of solar damage and actinic keratosis in a Merseyside population (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study examines the prevalence of sun-related damage to the skin in a caucasian population in north-west England. The importance of constitutional factors (complexion, skin type and age) as well as environmental and occupational exposures for the development of actinic keratosis (AK) and skin cancers was assessed in people over 40 years of age attending outpatient clinics (non-dermatology) at four centres in north-west England (Mersey region). Nine hundred and sixty-eight volunteers (531 men and 437 women) were recruited. The overall prevalence of AK was 15·4% in men and 5·9% in women. The prevalence was strongly related to age in both sexes, being 34·1% and 18·2%, respectively, in men and women aged 70 years and above, and was most strongly related to two objective signs of sun exposure, namely degree of solar elastosis and presence of solar lentigines. The prevalence of AK was higher in subjects with red hair and freckles, particularly women. There was no evidence of an increased prevalence of AK in relation to any occupation. There was a high prevalence of seborrhoeic keratosis and viral warts in both sexes, which was age-related in the case of seborrhoeic keratosis. Ten cases of basal cell carcinoma, eight cases of Bowen’s disease and one case of malignant melanoma were identified. This study shows that the sun exposure received in ‘normal’ life in England is sufficient to cause potentially malignant skin damage in a significant proportion of the population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03541.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen Resorption in Contracting Guinea Pig Wounds (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 201 (1964), S. 825-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In my investigations of granulation tissue, it was considered desirable to adopt a method of removal that would include all granulation tissue. When the tissue was dissected from seven?eleven-day-old, full-thickness, circular, abdominal, guinea pig wounds, a three-dimensional explanation for the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/201825a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of laparoscopic performance in vivo with performance measured in a laparoscopic simulator (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 1077-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic training — Laparoscopy — Simulation — Surgical education
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Laparoscopic skill was measured objectively through a series of seven tasks in an inanimate laparoscopic simulator. Seven analogous skills were tested in an in vivo porcine model. These skills included transferring, cutting, clipping, placement of a ligating loop, mesh placement, and suturing with an intracorporeal and extracorporeal knot. Scoring of each task rewarded precision and speed. Methods: Twelve PGY3 residents were given a baseline evaluation in the simulator and in the animal model. They were then randomized to either five practice sessions in the simulator (group A) or no practice (group B). Each group was retested in the simulator and in the animal (final test). Scores in vivo were compared by t-test for baseline versus final evaluation for each group. Linear regression analysis was used to correlate in vivo and in vitro scores for each task and for the total score (sum of all scores). Results: Group A showed significant improvement in performance in vivo for cutting, clipping, mesh placement, and suturing with an intracorporeal and extracorporeal knot, as well as in the total score (p 〈 0.05). Group B showed significant improvement in suturing with an intracorporeal and extracorporeal knot, and in the total score. The magnitude of improvement from baseline to final evaluation was significantly greater for group A (p 〈 0.05). There was significant correlation between in vitro and in vivo total scores and the score for each task (p 〈 0.05) except for placement of the ligating loop and mesh. Conclusions: Performance in an in vitro laparoscopic simulator correlated significantly with performance in an in vivo animal model. Practice in the simulator resulted in improved performance in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649901176
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of practice on performance in a laparoscopic simulator (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 12 (1998), S. 1117-1120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopy — Laparoscopic training — Simulation — Education
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Laparoscopic skill was measured objectively in a simulator. Seven tasks were scored in terms of precision and speed. These tasks included transferring, cutting, clip+ divide, placement of a ligating loop, mesh placement+ fixation, and suturing with intracorporeal and extracorporeal knot. Methods: After baseline evaluation, 12 surgical residents were randomized to either five weekly practice sessions (Group A) or no practice (Group B). Each group was then retested. Performance scores were compared for baseline versus final test, and improvement (baseline to final) for Group A versus Group B. Group A residents had a total of seven repetitions of each task (baseline, five practices, final). Linear regression analysis was used to test for the correlation between score and repetition number. Results: Group A showed significant improvement in their scores (baseline to final) for each task and for the total score (sum of all tasks) (p 〈 0.05). Group B showed significant improvement in four of seven tasks and for the total score. The magnitude of improvement of Group A versus Group B residents was significantly greater for four of seven tasks (peg transfer, placement of ligating loop, and both suturing skills) and for the total score. The final total score for Group A was 219 ± 14% of baseline (p 〈 0.0001), whereas Group B was only 162 ± 35% of baseline (p= 0.07) and not statistically significant. For Group A residents, there was a highly significant correlation between trial number and performance score (p 〈 0.05) for each individual task and for the total score. Conclusions: Laparoscopic skill can be measured objectively in a simulator, and performance improves progressively with practice. These skills can be incorporated into the training and evaluation of residents in laparoscopic surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900796
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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