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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health in childhood and adulthood in a birth cohort (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 32 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract –  Objectives:  To determine whether adult oral health is predicted by (a) childhood socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage (controlling for childhood oral health), or (b) oral health in childhood (controlling for childhood socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage), and whether oral health in adulthood is affected by changes in socioeconomic status (SES).Methods:  Participants in a longstanding cohort study underwent systematic dental examination for dental caries and tooth loss at ages 5 and 26 years. The examination at age 26 years included the collection of data on periodontal attachment loss and plaque level. Childhood SES was determined using parental occupation, and adult SES was determined from each study member's occupation at age 26 years. Regression models were used to test the study hypotheses.Results:  Complete data were available for 789 individuals (47.4% female). After controlling for childhood oral health, those who were of low SES at age 5 years had substantially greater mean DFS and DS scores by age 26 years, were more likely to have lost a tooth in adulthood because of caries, and had greater prevalence and extent of periodontitis. A largely similar pattern was observed (after controlling for childhood SES) among those with greater caries experience at age 5 years. For almost all oral health indicators examined, a clear gradient was observed of greater disease at age 26 years across socioeconomic trajectory groups, in the following order of ascending disease severity and prevalence: ‘high–high’, ‘low–high’ (upwardly mobile), ‘high–low’ (downwardly mobile) and ‘low–low’.Conclusion:  Adult oral health is predicted by not only childhood socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage, but also by oral health in childhood. Changes in socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage are associated with differing levels of oral health in adulthood. The life-course approach appears to be a useful paradigm for understanding oral health disparities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00173.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related performance of human subjects on saccadic eye movement tasks (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 121 (1998), S. 391-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Saccade ; Visual fixation ; Anti-saccade ; Reaction times ; Express saccade ; Frontal cortex ; Aging ; Senescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We measured saccadic eye movements in 168 normal human subjects, ranging in age from 5 to 79 years, to determine age-related changes in saccadic task performance. Subjects were instructed to look either toward (pro-saccade task) or away from (anti-saccade task) an eccentric target under different conditions of fixation. We quantified the percentage of direction errors, the time to onset of the eye movement (saccadic reaction time: SRT), and the metrics and dynamics of the movement itself (amplitude, peak velocity, duration) for subjects in different age groups. Young children (5–8 years of age) had slow SRTs, great intra-subject variance in SRT, and the most direction errors in the anti-saccade task. Young adults (20–30 years of age) typically had the fastest SRTs and lowest intra-subject variance in SRT. Elderly subjects (60–79 years of age) had slower SRTs and longer duration saccades than other subject groups. These results demonstrate very strong age-related effects in subject performance, which may reflect different stages of normal development and degeneration in the nervous system. We attribute the dramatic improvement in performance in the anti-saccade task that occurs between the ages of 5–15 years to delayed maturation of the frontal lobes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050473
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphism of debrisoquine oxidation in New Zealand Caucasians (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 349-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Debrisoquine ; New Zealand ; oxidation phenotype ; pharmacogenetics ; drug metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266364
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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