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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 44 (1981), S. 294-295 
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 45 (1982), S. 189-190 
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 45 (1982), S. 363-364 
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Previous research on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has suggested that social support is beneficial for helping patients to adjust psychologically to the chronic and unpredictable episodes of pain. This study addresses whether support buffers the adverse effects of arthritis pain or whether support results in a decrease in the severity of pain regardless of pain levels in 233 RA patients. The results indicated that patients who reported higher satisfaction with their emotional support when experiencing higher levels of pain were less likely to be depressed than patients who do not perceive such support. The results were obtained after controlling the effects of demographic variables, functional disability variables, and the direct effects of pain and social support. However, moderating effects of emotional support were not found when this relationship was examined over a 6-month period. Rather, causal modeling suggested that both pain and emotional support contributed to a change in depression over two 6-month intervals. The results also suggested that depression may have an adverse effect on change in emotional support over a similar time frame.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cognitive therapy and research 24 (2000), S. 763-780 
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Keywords: sociotropy ; autonomy ; factor structure ; personality ; depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The Sociotropy Autonomy Scale (SAS), especially the Autonomy Scale, has demonstrated inconsistent results concerning its relationship to depression and psychopathology. We hypothesized that these inconsistent findings may be related to the factor structure of the SAS. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the SAS were conducted in two separate samples of psychiatric outpatients (n = 1033, n = 1034). The results revealed a two-factor solution for sociotropy: Preference for Affiliation and Fear of Criticism and Rejection. The second factor, Fear of Criticism and Rejection, had a stronger association with psychopathology than the first factor. The results also indicated a two-factor solution for autonomy: Sensitivity to Others' Control and Independent Goal Attainment. Although the Sensitivity to Others' Control factor had a positive correlation with psychopathology, the Independent Goal Attainment factor had a negative correlation with psychopathology. We speculate that Independent Goal Attainment may be associated with resilience or hardiness and functions as a buffer against stress. Implications for revising the SAS as well as employing these factors in future studies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cognitive therapy and research 16 (1992), S. 635-652 
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Keywords: sociotropy ; autonomy ; dysphoria ; life events
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigates Beck's cognitive diathesis—stress model of depression by comparing dysphoric and nondysphoric subjects on the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS) and a self-report life event measure specially developed to assess subjects' perceptions of sociotropic and autonomous life events. Despite reporting similar frequencies for both types of events, the dysphoric subjects rated their negative life experiences as significantly more upsetting, and perceived that the events involved more loss within the interpersonal and achievement domains than the nondysphoric control group. As predicted by the cognitive diathesis—stress model, sociotropy significantly interacted with negative social but not autonomously related life events in the prediction of dysphoria. Dysphoria was also associated with ratings of increased loss of social resources due to negative interpersonal events, and ratings of increased loss of personal goal attainment due to negative achievement events. Autonomy, however, failed to show any significant relation with dysphoria or type of life event experienced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Keywords: sociotropy ; autonomy ; depression ; cognitive theory ; cognitive vulnerability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract To determine whether psychiatric outpatients represented distinct personality types with respect to sociotropy and autonomy, the Sociotropy and Autonomy Scale (SAS; Beck, Epstein, Harrison, & Emery, 1983) was administered to 2,067 psychiatric outpatients with predominantly DSM-III-R mood or anxiety disorders. Both agglomerative-hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analyses performed on the six subscales of the SAS revealed four personality types—Independence, Dependence, Individualistic Achievement and Low Scoring Controls. Loglinear analyses failed to reveal significant differences between clusters in specific Axis I diagnoses, though a significantly higher proportion of the sociotropic Dependent type had a Dependent or Avoidant personality disorder. The autonomous Independent and sociotropic Dependent clusters also had higher levels of self-reported and clinically rated depression and anxiety than did the Individualistic Achievement and Low Scoring groups. The implications of these results for understanding the relationship between personality and psychopathology are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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