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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning transmission electron beam induced conductivity investigation of a Si/Si1−xGex/Si heterostructure (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 2527-2529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate that scanning transmission electron beam induced conductivity can be used to image the recombination activity of an orthogonal 〈110〉 misfit dislocation array within a relaxed Si/Si1−xGex/Si(001) heterostructure on the submicrometer scale. Correlation with structural images suggests that an array of bunched dissociated 60° misfit dislocations is primarily responsible for the electrical activity in this instance. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363038
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain boundaries in epitaxial wurtzite GaN (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1308-1310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Double positioning boundaries on {12¯10} and {11¯00} planes in wurtzite GaN epilayer grown by molecular beam epitaxy on {1¯1¯1¯}B GaP are described. Transmission electron microscopy observations demonstrate that the {12¯10} boundary extending a short distance along the c axis is characterized by a displacement of 1/2〈101¯1〉 and is associated with single growth faults in the basal plane. This boundary forms as a consequence of island coalescence. Conversely, the {11¯00} boundary originates at the epilayer/substrate interface and runs through the whole epilayer, while g.R analysis combined with high resolution electron microscopy suggests a displacement of 1/3n〈112¯0〉 (n〉3) in the basal plane with an additional shift along 〈0001〉 of 1/n〈0001〉(n〉3). © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118520
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of ionic thiocyanate (SCN-) in soil (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 41 (1993), S. 978-982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00030a029
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropic defect distribution in ZnSe/ZnS epitaxial layers grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy on (001)-oriented GaAs (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial layers of ZnSe/ZnS have been grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy on (001)-oriented GaAs. A microstructural study of the defect content of these layers was performed using the combined techniques of scanning electron microscopy, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and microdiffraction. Investigation of the epilayers in the [110] and [11¯0] orientations highlighted the strong anisotropy in the defect content of these ZnSe/ZnS layers. Microtwins were found exclusively in the [11¯0] sample orientation, while examination of the same layers along the orthogonal [110] projection revealed only misfit dislocations. The influence of the differential motion of α and β dislocations in the sphalerite structure is discussed in connection with these observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343891
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory volume increase in rat pancreatic β-cells (1997)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 435 (1997), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Pancreas ; Islet cells ; Cell volume ; Na+-2Cl ; -K+ cotransporter ; Na+-H+ exchange ; Cl ; -HCO3 ; exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This study investigated regulatory volume increase (RVI) in rat pancreatic β-cells. Volume changes in isolated β-cells were measured by a video-imaging method. Cell shrinkage was induced by exposure to solutions made hypertonic by the addition of 100 mM mannitol. In HEPES-buffered solutions, β-cells exhibited an RVI which was almost completely abolished by 10 μM bumetanide. These data indicate that Na+-2Cl–-K+ cotransporters make a major contribution to RVI in β-cells. In HCO3 –-buffered solutions, however, an RVI was observed in the presence of 10 μM bumetanide. This bumetanide-insensitive component of RVI was inhibited by 100 μM amiloride or 100 μM 4,4’-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2’-disulphonic acid (DIDS). These data suggest that, in addition to the Na+-2Cl–-K+ cotransporter, functionally coupled Na+-H+ exchangers and Cl–-HCO3 – exchangers may also contribute to RVI in pancreatic β-cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive interaction among strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli in the nodulation of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 7-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli ; Kidney bean ; Competitive ability ; Pairwise combination ; Compatibility ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We examined the competitiveness of five effective Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli strains in the nodulation of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), either alone or in pairwise combination, against the indigenous strains. The results showed that the introduced Rhizobium sp. strains (B2, B17, B36, T2, or CIAT 652) occupying 64–79% of the total nodules (as single inocula) were more competitive in nodulation than the native rhizobia. However, the competitiveness of the individual Rhizobium sp. strain either increased or decreased when used in a pairwise combination of double-strain inocula. For example, strain B17, although quite competitive against the indigenous population (68% nodule occupancy), became poorly competitive in the presence of strain B2 (reduced from 68 to 2.5%). A similar reduction in nodule occupancy by strain B17 was observed in the presence of B36 or CIAT 652, indicating that two competitive strains may not always be compatible. These results suggest that it is important to co-select competitive as well as compatible rhizobia for multistrain inoculant formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335986
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A volume-activated anion conductance in insulin-secreting cells (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 431 (1996), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Outwardly rectifying ; Chloride channel ; Regulatory volume decrease ; Pancreatic β-cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique was used to measure volume-activated currents in K+-free solutions in RINm5F and HIT-T15 insulinoma cells and in dispersed rat islet cells. Cell swelling, induced by intracellular hypertonicity or extracellular hypotonicity, caused activation of an outwardly rectifying conductance which could be subsequently inactivated by hypertonic extracellular solutions. The conductance required adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) in the pipette solution but was Ca2+ independent. Na+ and Cl− substitution studies suggested that the swelling-activated current is Cl− selective with a halide permeability sequence of Br 〉 Cl 〉 I. The conductance was reversibly inhibited by the anion channel inhibitors 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB). Further evidence for a volume-activated anion conductance was provided by studies of volume regulation in insulin-secreting cells. When RINm5F cells were exposed to a hypotonic medium, the initial cell swelling was followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). This RVD response was also inhibited by DIDS and by NPPB. These data therefore provide evidence for a volume-activated anion conductance in insulin-secreting cells which could be involved in the RVD following osmotic stress. A possible role for the conductance in hypotonically induced insulin release is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207273
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A volume-activated anion conductance in insulin-secreting cells (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 431 (1996), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Outwardly rectifying ; Chloride channel ; Regulatory volume decrease ; Pancreaticβ-cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique was used to measure volume-activated currents in K+-free solutions in RINm5F and HIT-T15 insulinoma cells and in dispersed rat islet cells. Cell swelling, induced by intracellular hypertonicity or extracellular hypotonicity, caused activation of an outwardly rectifying conductance which could be subsequently inactivated by hypertonic extracellular solutions. The conductance required adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) in the pipette solution but was Ca2+ independent. Na+ and Cl− substitution studies suggested that the swelling-activated current is Cl− selective with a halide permeability sequence of Br 〉 Cl 〉 1. The conductance was reversibly inhibited by the anion channel inhibitors 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB). Further evidence for a volume-activated anion conductance was provided by studies of volume regulation in insulin-secreting cells. When RINm5F cells were exposed to a hypotonic medium, the initial cell swelling was followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). This RVD response was also inhibited by DIDS and by NPPB. These data therefore provide evidence for a volume-activated anion conductance in insulin-secreting cells which could be involved in the RVD following osmotic stress. A possible role for the conductance in hypotonically induced insulin release is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207273
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ca2+-activated K+ channels are involved in regulatory volume decrease in acinar cells isolated from the rat lacrimal gland (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 141 (1994), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Ca2+-activated K+ channels ; Cell volume ; Regulatory volume decrease ; Tetraethylammonium ; Lacrimal acinar cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The volumes of acinar cells isolated from rat lacrimal gland were measured on computer by video-imaging. Cells were found to swell on exposure to hypotonic solutions; they subsequently exhibited a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). RVD was inhibited in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, and by the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium chloride (2 mm TEA+). The possible involvement of K+ channels in RVD was further investigated in cell-attached patches. Exposing the cells to a hypotonic solution activated channels with a conductance of 141±6 pS (n=11). These channels were partially blocked by 0.5 mm TEA+, and channel activation was not observed in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Experiments in the inside-out patch configuration demonstrated that the channels activated by hypotonie stress were “maxi” Ca2+-activated K+ channels. It is concluded that the opening of these channels plays an important role in RVD, by facilitating K+ loss from the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238253
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of activated gelatinase in human invasive breast carcinoma (1993)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 11 (1993), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: collagenase ; human carcinoma ; matrix metalloproteinase ; metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The expression of both 92- and 72-kDa gelatinases has been studied in 20 samples of human breast carcinoma by the technique of gelatin zymography. This technique allowed the relative amount of each gelatinase to be determined in small samples of tissue (〈10 mg). More importantly, active and latent forms of the two gelatinases were resolved. Two samples (10–20 mg) were cut from each piece of tumour in order to monitor the variability of gelatinase distribution within that section of tumour. The 72-kDa latent progelatinase was present in 15 of the 20 tumours, with trace amounts in two others. The 62-kDa activated form of this gelatinase was detected in all 15 of the tumours in which the latent form was present. The 92-kDa latent progelatinase was present in 11 of the 20 tumours, with trace amounts in four others. However, the 82-kDa activated form of this gelatinase was only clearly detected in two tumours, although three others showed the presence of trace amounts. The ratio of active to latent forms of the 72-kDa gelatinase ranged from 0.9 to 3.6. There were no marked correlations between gelatinase expression and established staging and prognostic markers. Analysis of three samples of fibroadenoma revealed only very low levels of gelatinase expression. On the basis of these results, activation of the 72-kDa progelatinase appears to be a more common event in invasive breast carcinoma than activation of the 92-kDa progelatinase. However, neither proteinase showed a correlation with metastatic progression, as measured by lymph node involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00114976
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