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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Rumen Bacteria and Protozoa (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 18 (1964), S. 131-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.18.100164.001023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Vitamin B 12 and Vitamin B 12 Analogues by Pure Cultures of Ruminal Bacteria (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 195 (1962), S. 201-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the present work, the synthetic capability of 48 strains representing 21 different species of functional rumen micro-organisms have been tested for the production of vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 analogues. These included representatives of most of the important genera isolated from the rumen of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/195201b0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic digestion of cattle waste at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 346-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Methanogenesis was studied using stirred, bench-top fermentors of 3-1 working volume fed on a semi-continuous basis with waste obtained from cattle fed a high grain, finishing diet. Digestion was carried out at 40 and 60°C. CH4 production was 11.8, 18.3, 61.9 and 84.5% higher in the thermophilic than the mesophilic digestor at the 3, 6, 9 and 12 g volatile solids (VS) l−1 reactor volume loading rates, respectively. When compared on an energetic basis CH4 production was 7.4, 18.3, 72.9 and 107.3 kJ day higher in the thermophilic than the mesophilic digestor. CH4 production decreased more rapidly with each increase in VS loading rate and decrease in retention time (RT) in the mesophilic than the thermophilic digestor. When expressed as l g−1 VS fed or as kJ kJ−1 fed, the amount of CH4 was 49% less at the highest compared to the lowest loading rate in the mesophilic digestor. In the thermophilic digestor the decrease was only 16%. Propionate accumulated in the mesophilic digestor at the two highest loading rates, reaching concentrations of about 50 mM, but were only about 13 mM in the thermophilic digestor. Isobutyrate, isovalerate plus 2-methylbutyrate, and valerate also accumulated at the higher loading rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172837
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic digestion of cattle waste at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 346-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Methanogenesis was studied using stirred, bench-top fermentors of 3-l working volume fed on a semi-continuous basis with waste obtained from cattle fed a high grain, finishing diet. Digestion was carried out at 40 and 60°  C. CH4 production was 11.8, 18.3, 61.9 and 84.5% higher in the thermophilic than the mesophilic digestor at the 3, 6, 9 and 12 g volatile solids (VS) l–1 reactor volume loading rates, respectively. When compared on an energetic basis CH4 production was 7.4, 18.3, 72.9 and 107.3 kJ day higher in the thermophilic than the mesophilic digestor. CH4 production decreased more rapidly with each increase in VS loading rate and decrease in retention time (RT) in the mesophilic than the thermophilic digestor. When expressed as l g–1 VS fed or as kJ kJ–1 fed, the amount of CH4 was 49% less at the highest compared to the lowest loading rate in the mesophilic digestor. In the thermophilic digestor the decrease was only 16%. Propionate accumulated in the mesophilic digestor at the two highest loading rates, reaching concentrations of about 50 mm, but were only about 13 mm in the thermophilic digestor. Isobutyrate, isovalerate plus 2-methylbutyrate, and valerate also accumulated at the higher loading rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050415
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methanobacillus omelianskii, a symbiotic association of two species of bacteria (1967)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 59 (1967), S. 20-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two bacterial species were isolated from cultures of Methanobacillus omelianskii grown on media, containing ethanol as oxidizable substrate. One of these, the S organism, is a gram negative, motile, anaerobic rod which ferments ethanol with production of H2 and acetate but is inhibited by inclusion of 0.5 atm of H2 in the gas phase of the medium. The other organism is a gram variable, nonmotile, anaerobic rod which utilizes H2 but not ethanol for growth and methane formation. The results indicate that M. omelianskii maintained in ethanol media is actually a symbiotic association of the two species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntrophococcus sucromutans sp. nov. gen. nov. uses carbohydrates as electron donors and formate, methoxymonobenzenoids or Methanobrevibacter as electron acceptor systems (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1986), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rumen bacteria ; Vanillate ; Syringate ; Ferulate ; Formate ; Carbohydrates ; Methanogens ; Synthrophococcus sucromutans ; Methanobrevibacter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Most probable number (MPN) estimates indicated that a mean of 4.3×107 and 5×106 bacteria per ml of rumen fluid from a predominantly alfalfa hay-fed steer demethoxylated ferulate and syringate, respectively. After further enrichment from an MPN tube of the highest dilution showing demethoxylation of syringate, strain S195 was isolated using roll tubes with syringate as an added energy source. S195 was an anaerobic, Gram-negative, nonmotile coccus, 1 to 1.3 μm in diameter, and was unique in using various carbohydrates as electron donor with acetate as the sole organic product. One of the following electron acceptor systems allowed growth (organic products in parentheses): Methanobrevibacter simithii (CH4), formate (acetate), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate and syringate (acetate and gallate), vanillate (acetate and protocatechuate), vanillin (acetate, protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuate), ferulate (acetate, caffeate and hydrocaffeate), caffeate (hydrocaffeate). Strain S195 required 30% (v/v) rumen fluid in the medium for good growth. S195 was placed in a new genus and species, Syntrophococcus sucromutans, of the family Veillonellaceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412795
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eubacterium oxidoreducens sp. nov. requiring H2 or formate to degrade gallate, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol and quercetin (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 8-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anaerobic gallate degrader ; Quercetin ; Rumen ; Butyrate production ; H2:CO2 ; Crotonate ; Eubacterium oxidoreducens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Based on most probable number (MPN) estimates of rumen fluid from a hay-fed steer, 10 mM gallate was decarboxylated by 9.3×106 bacteria per ml. It was decarboxylated and reductively dehydroxylated by 9.3×105 bacteria per ml and was further catabolized to non-aromatic products by 4.3×103 bacteria per ml. Resorcinol was not further degraded and, with 0.1 ml of inoculum, catechol was not degraded. Strain G41 was isolated from a pyrogallolmedium roll tube inoculated with 1 μl of rumen fluid and, with slight modifications of the generic description, was named Eubacterium oxidoreducens sp. nov. It was an anaerobic, nonmotile, curved, Gram-positive, small rod with rounded ends and required H2 or formate to degrade gallate, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol or quercetin to acetate and butyrate and, in the case of quercetin, to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate. Crotonate was catabolized to acetate and butyrate and no electron donor was required. No other compounds were degraded with or without an electron donor or with Desulfovibrio sp. plus sulfate as a possible electron acceptor system. E. oxidoreducens grew well in a chemically-defined culture medium containing usable energy source, minerals, B-vitamins, cysteine and CO2−HCO - 3 -buffer, pH 7.2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454948
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