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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous versus intermittent epidural analgesia (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 44 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A randomised study of 381 women was carried out to compare the obstetric outcome after epidural analgesia maintained by an intermittent fop-up regimen or with a continuous infusion. The two groups were well matched with respect to age, parity, mode of onset of labour and indication for epidural. Maintenance of epidural analgesia by continuous infusion resulted in a significantly decreased need for top-up doses. A reduction in the incidence of hypotension, cardiotocographic evidence of intrapartum fetal hypoxia and Caesarean section was associated with this. It is concluded that the maintenance of epidural analgesia by continuous infusion is a safe and reliable method and may be more advantageous and less labour intensive than the traditional intermittent regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb09142.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to mitogenic and allergenic stimuli during gestation (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 7 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Blood samples were obtained from fetuses and premature babies (n=51) (15-34 weeks gestation) to determine at what stage the fetal immune system was able to produce a positive proliferative response to common allergens. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MC) were stimulated with the mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and the allergens, house dust mite, cat fur. birch tree pollen, β-lactoglobulin, ovalbumin and bee venom (mellitin). Results were expressed as ratios of stimulated to unstimulated 3H thymidine incorporation, and as percent positive responders. There was an increase in proliferation ratio which correlated with increasing gestational age for PHA (p 〈 0.0001), cat fur (p=0.042), birch pollen (p=0.022) and β-lactoglobulin (p=0, 006). The point in gestation when cells from some individuals began responding to the allergens with a ratio of 2. 0 was at approximately 22 weeks. PBMC proliferative response ratios were higher from samples from babies 〉 22 weeks gestation compared to 〈 22 weeks for the mitogen and all allergens, except mellitin. There was also a greater proportion of positive responders from samples 〉 22 weeks compared to 〈 22 weeks for the mitogen and all allergens, except mellitin. Maternal exposure to birch pollen, which has a discrete season, was assessed to determine whether exposure had occurred at 22 weeks gestation or beyond. Results showed a higher prolifera tive response in infant cells stimulated with birch pollen (p=0.005) and higher proportion of positive responders (p=0.01) in the group of babies whose mothers had been exposed to hirch pollen beyond 22 weeks, compared to those whose mothers had not been so exposed. These results suggest that in utero fetal exposure to an allergen from around 22 weeks gestation may result in primary sensitisation to that allergen, leading to positive proliferative responses, at birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1996.tb00117.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The presentation of statistics (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 9 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This article outlines the statistical requirements that authors should fulfill when submitting manuscripts to Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. The requirements are based on the ‘Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals’ and the CONSORT statement. Common statistical flaws that routinely arise in the medical literature are described. The use of ± confidence intervals and P values, correlation and regression, multiple testing and repeated measures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1998.tb00355.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presenting graphical information (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 10 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This article outlines the mistakes that are commonly made when data are presented graphically. Common errors when displaying data are highlighted, and preferred solutions for avoiding these mistakes are described. The preferred approaches form the requirements that authors should meet when submitting papers to the journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.1999.101004.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses in the first year of life in babies born to allergic parents (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Raised peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferative responses to food allergens have been demonstrated in children with established atopic dermatitis.Objective In this report we investigate the PBMC proliferative responses to inhalant and food allergens from babies at birth, 6 months and 1 year of age, born to atopic and non-atopic parents.Methods PBMCs, separated by density gradient centrifugation. were cultured for 6 days with autologous plasma and a range of allergens (house dust mite [HDM], cat, grass pollen, tree pollen, betalactoglobulin and ovalbumin). Proliferative responses were measured by the uptake of [3H] thymidine added for the final 18 h of culture.Results At birth, infants born to atopic parents who developed allergic disease by 1 year of age had significantly more positive responses (stimulation index ± 2 with a value of ± 1000 cpm above background) to HDM (P = 0.0091), betalactoglobulin (P= 0.0166) and ovalbumin (P = 0.0035) than newborns who did not develop allergy. Tnfants who developed allergy also had significantly more positive responses to HDM (P - 0.03) and ovalbumin (P = 0.0057) than babies, born to non-atopic parents, who did not develop allergies. At 6 months of age a significant fall in response to HDM (P = 0.003) and cat fur extract (P = 0.006) was seen in infants who developed allergic disease by 1 year of age. A similar pattern was seen for proliferative responses to betalactoglobulin and ovalbumin (P = 0.0006. P= 0.004). Conversely, proliferations to grass and tree pollen extracts increased at 6 months (P = 0.04. P = NS) and 1 year (P= NS. P= 0.01) compared with birth which was significant for infants who did not develop allergic disease.Conclusion Proliferative responses to seasonal allergens increased over the first year of life whilst those to perennial allergens, both inhalant and food, fell. This suggests either the induction of a systemic immune tolerance by perennial exposure to antigens or movement of sensitized cells to target organs where allergen exposure occurs. This process may be independent of the development allergic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00608.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin G and subclass responses through the first 5 years of life in relation to duration of egg sensitization and the development of asthma (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Egg sensitization, particularly persistent sensitization, is a risk factor for later asthma. However, little is known about accompanying IgG and subclass responses and how they might relate to asthmatic outcome.Objective To characterize hen's egg ovalbumin (OVA) IgG and subclass responses through the first 5 years of life in relation to duration of egg sensitization and later asthma.Subjects and methods The subjects (n=46) formed part of a larger cohort, born to atopic parents, who had been evaluated prospectively for the development of asthma. Egg sensitization was classified as transient (positive egg skin prick test at 1 year only) or persistent (positive skin test for at least 2 years). Plasma OVA IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 concentrations at birth (cord), 6 months, 1 and 5 years of age were measured by ELISA.Results The kinetics of OVA IgG and IgG1 responses, but not IgG4, differed between egg sensitized and non-egg sensitized (NES) children. Only persistently sensitized children had a rise in OVA IgG1 concentration through the first year of life, and at 1 year of age they had significantly higher OVA IgG and IgG1 than either transiently sensitized or NES children. High OVA IgG1 was associated with later asthma: at 1 year of age, OVA IgG1 greater than 14 500 U predicted asthma with a sensitivity 64% and specificity 74%.Conclusion OVA IgG and subclass responses relate to the duration of egg sensitization. Measurement of OVA IgG1 concentration in infancy might offer a useful adjunct to identify those at an increased risk of asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02058.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A controlled neuropsychological study of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative adolescent haemophiliacs (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Haemophilia 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty-four males with haemophilia were assessed with a series of neuropsychological tests and a structured interview for psychiatric symptoms. Thirty-one had been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before the age of 18 and were in various stages of the disease at the time of testing and 33 were HIV negative. Sixteen male control subjects were recruited to match in age with the haemophilia group. The HIV-seropositive group were older than the HIV-negative group due to the cohort effect of the time of infection. Contrary to predictions from the known effects of HIV on the central nervous system the HIV-seropositive group performed better on many of the tests than the HIV-seronegative group. In some but not all of the tests this may have been an age effect. There was very little psychiatric morbidity, consistent with the view that high levels of psychological support provided by the haemophilia units can alleviate the effects of the illness on emotions and behaviour. These findings form a baseline for a 2-year follow-up study which is in progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.1996.tb00158.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of Yeast Phosphoglycerate Kinase (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 247 (1974), S. 14-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A 3.5 Å resolution electron density map of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase has been calculated from which a skeletal model of the enzyme's single polypeptide chain has been constructed. The position of the nucleotide substrate ADP when bound to the enzyme has been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/247014a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Childhood reflux and urinary infection: a follow-up of 10–41 years in 226 adults (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 12 (1998), S. 727-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Vesico-ureteric reflux ; Urinary tract infection ; Renal scarring ; renal function ; renal growth ; Hypertension ; Pregnancy ; Follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. To ascertain the outcome of childhood vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR), 226 adults (37 males), mean age 27 years, were studied after 10–35 years, extended to 41 years by postal questionnaire in 161. At presentation (mean age 5 years) all had VUR (grade III–V in 68) and urinary tract infection (UTI); there was renal scarring in 85 (acquired before referral in 11 and during follow-up in 1), hypertension in 6 and impaired renal function in 5. They were managed and followed prospectively by one paediatrician; 63% of these children remained free from UTI; VUR persisted in 63 and had resolved in 69% of 193 children managed medically. At follow-up, 61% of adults had remained free from infection; 17 adults had hypertension and/or raised plasma creatinine, 16 with scarred kidneys. Their deterioration was predictable because of scar type, blood pressure or plasma creatinine levels in childhood. No new scars developed after puberty. Renal growth rates were unaffected by initial severity or persistence of VUR. On the later questionnaire, 9 further adults, mean age 38 years, had moderate hypertension. The adults with complications were those with extensive renal scarring and/or at least borderline hypertension in childhood. Those with VUR, but no scarring, and managed carefully in childhood, did not suffer serious consequences as adults. There is a need for early recognition and treatment of children with VUR and UTI to limit scar development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050535
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical analysis of counts of diatom frustules, and other algae, in water samples from the River Wey (1985)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 11 (1985), S. 231-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During May 1978, samples of water were collected from 24 sites on, or associated with, the River Wey between its source south of Haslemere and Send just downstream of Guildford (approx. 57.5 km). Counts of diatom frustules, and other algae surviving the sampling technique, were analyzed by numerical taxonomic techniques. On the basis of community structure, the river was clearly separated into two regions. The seven sites along the first 18 km formed a cluster, and those of the remaining stretch formed a second cluster, which was more similar to Broadwater, a large shallow pond that discharges into the river between Godalming and Guildford (approx. 34.2 km below the source). Two methods are compared for reducing the counts obtained for each sample to a single index.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010602
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