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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of laccase activity in the edible straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 218 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Volvariella volvacea, strain V14, produces multiple forms of extracellular laccase when grown in submerged culture in a defined medium with glucose as sole carbon source, and on cotton waste ‘compost’ representative of the conditions used for industrial-scale mushroom cultivation. In liquid culture, enzyme synthesis is associated with the onset of secondary growth, and is positively regulated by copper (up to 200 μM CuSO4) and by various aromatic compounds. In solid-state systems, only low levels of laccase are detectable during the vegetative growth phase but enzyme activity increases sharply at the onset of fruiting and during sporophore development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2003.tb11510.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning of a new laccase from the edible straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea: possible involvement in fruit body development (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 230 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cloning of a laccase-encoding cDNA from the edible straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea, was performed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The cDNA of the putative laccase gene (lac4) consisted of 1689 bp, including an open reading frame encoding a 23-amino acid signal peptide at the N-terminal end and a 540-amino acid mature protein with a predicted molecular mass of 58 173 Da and a pI value of 6.1. The 10 histidine residues and one cysteine residue required to co-ordinate the four copper atoms at the active site of the protein were all conserved. The amino acid sequence of V. volvacea lac4 has a high degree of identity with other basidiomycete laccases. Transcription of the laccase gene was analysed by RT-PCR and, unlike many other laccase genes, shown to be regulated independently of either copper or aromatic compounds under the test conditions. However, the laccase gene is strongly expressed during that part of the mushroom developmental cycle involving fruit body morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00878-4
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nutrient nitrogen and manganese on manganese peroxidase and laccase production by Pleurotus sajor-caju (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 147 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pleurotus sajor-caju, strain Pl-27, produces manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, but not lignin peroxidase, when grown on a defined medium with glucose as sole carbon source. MnP activity was detected in fungal cultures supplemented with both high (26 mM-N) and low (2.6 mM-N) nutrient nitrogen although higher specific activity values were recorded under the latter conditions. Conversely, laccase production was not influenced by nutrient nitrogen levels under the growth conditions adopted. Both the titre and time of appearence of MnP were also affected by the concentration of Mn in the culture medium with highest enzyme levels recorded in cultures supplemented with 15 ppm Mn. Two MnP and five laccase isoforms were identified by FPLC and gel electrophoresis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10232.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nutrient nitrogen and manganese on manganese peroxidase and laccase production by Lentinula (Lentinus) edodes (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 128 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lentinula (Lentinus) edodes, strain LS4, produces manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, but not lignin peroxidase, when grown on a defined medium with glucose as sole carbon source. MnP production is suppressed by nitrogen whereas highest levels of laccase were observed when the fungus was grown under high nitrogen (26 mM) conditions. Both the titre and time of appearance of MnP were affected by the concentration of Mn in the culture medium with highest enzyme levels recorded in cultures supplemented with 1.1 ppm Mn. Purified MnP from L. edodes LS4 has an apparent Mr of 59000 and a pI of 5.6, and differs in several respects from a MnP isolated from L. edodes grown on a commercial wood substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07504.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ligninolytic enzyme production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium under conditions of nitrogen sufficiency (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 25 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A lignin-degrading enzyme has been detected in culture supernatants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain INA-12 grown under non-limiting nitrogen conditions. Highest levels of enzyme activity were observed when glycerol served as carbon source. Veratryl alcohol, a known secondary metabolite of P. chrysosporium, was also produced in high nitrogen/glycerol cultures of strain INA-12 and closely followed the development of the ‘ligninase’ activity. Evolution of 14CO2 from 14C-ring-DHP was readily observed when a hydrogen peroxide-generating system was added to 5-day-old high nitrogen/glycerol cultures which contained high amounts of enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb01475.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lignin peroxidase production by strains of Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on glycerol (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 31 (1989), S. 587-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Lignin peroxidase production by several strains of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was determined during growth on glycerol under conditions of nitrogen sufficiency. Fungal strains which grew poorest on glycerol produced the highest titres of lignin peroxidase whereas enzyme levels were much lower when marginally greater biomass values were recorded. In the case of P. chrysosporium strain INA-12, the nature of the nitrogen source had a pronounced effect on both growth and enzyme production. Highest biomass values were obtained when l-glutamate or l-glutamine served as the major nitrogen source but enzyme synthesis was normally repressed completely. Lignin peroxidase activity in this strain was maximal when the initial pH of the culture medium was adjusted to pH 5.0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270800
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of trans-ferulic acid by the white-rot fungus sporotrichum pulverulentum (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1981), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ferulic acid metabolism ; White-rot fungi ; Sporotrichum pulverulentum ; Reduction products ; 14CO2 evolution ; Phenol oxidase-less mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ferulic acid metabolism was studied in wild-type Sporotrichum pulverulentum and its phenoloxidase-less mutant, Phe 3. High levels of reduced products which included coniferyl aldehyde, dihydroferulic acid and dihydroconiferyl alcohol were detected in culture filtrates. Small amounts of vanillic acid and methoxyhydroquinone were also found. In addition, products which possessed a methylated p-hydroxyl group were identified by mass spectrometry. The phenoloxidase-less mutant gave essentially the same reduced products as the wildtype. These persisted for longer periods in the culture medium. Three fungi known to produce large amounts of phenoloxidases exhibited a markedly different pattern of ferulic acid depletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405911
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vanillic acid metabolism by selected soft-rot, brown-rot, and white-rot fungi (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 366-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Vanillic acid metabolism ; White-rot fungi ; Brown-rot fungi ; Soft-rot fungi ; Vanillate hydroxylase ; Aromatic ring cleavage ; Quinone oxidoreductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Metabolism of vanillic acid, a product of lignin degradation, has been studied in selected representatives of soft-rot, brown-rot and white-rot fungi. All of the brown-and white-rot species examined decarboxylated vanillate to methoxyhydroquinone oxidatively. Mycelium extracts of all these fungi, except Pleurotus ostreatus contained high levels of an NAD(P)H-dependent vanillate hydroxylase. P. ostreatus also released 14CO2 from 14COOH-vanillate but by a different mechanism possibly involving phenoloxidases. Most of these fungi also contained a dioxygenase which catalysed the intra-diol cleavage of hydroxyquinol (1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene) to form maleylacetate. No 3-O-demethylase activity was detected, and data indicate that in some of the fungi examined cleavage of the aromatic ring occurs without prior removal of the methoxyl group. None of the soft-rot fungi tested contained vanillate hydroxylase or hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase, but very low levels of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase were detected in mycelium extracts. Vanillate catabolism among members of this group occurs via a different route which may involve ring demethylation although no 3-O-demethylase activity was detected in this study. The enzyme NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase was demonstrated to exist in all the studied groups of fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411188
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ligninolytic activity and levels of ammonia assimilating enzymes in Sporotrichum pulverulentum (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lignin biodegradation ; Sporotrichum pulverulentum ; White-rot fungus ; Ammonia assimilation ; Glutamate dehydrogenase ; Glutamine synthetase ; Glutamate synthase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Levels of ammonia-assimilating enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase) were determined in extracts of Sporotrichum pulverulentum grown under different conditions with respect to both nitrogen source and concentration. Evolution of 14CO2 from 14C-synthetic lignin by fungal cultures grown under parallel conditions was also determined as a measure of lignin decomposition and the suppressive effect of nitrogen on ligninolysis confirmed. Under low nitrogen conditions, fungal extracts exhibited relatively high levels of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase dehydrogenase. Conversely, in high nitrogen extracts, lower levels of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activity, and higher levels of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, were recorded. Possible effects of enzyme activities on intracellular pool concentrations of glutamate/glutamine, and the implications for the regulation of lignin metabolism, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414996
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomass and extracellular hydrolytic enzyme production by six mushroom species grown on soybean waste (1994)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 16 (1994), S. 1317-1322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Soybean waste is a good substrate for biomass production, and the expression of amylolytic, xylanolytic and proteolytic enzymes, by selected mushroom fungi. Considerable potential exists for converting soybean wastes into added-value products using systems based on these fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149639
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