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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The β1 and β2-adrenoceptor populations in rat cortex were individually quantified by labelling all of the receptors with [3H]dihydroalprenolol and displacing with iso-prenaline (200 μM) or CGP 20712A (l-{2-[(3-carbamoyl-4-hydroxy)phenoxy]ethylamino}-3-[4-(l-methyl-4-trifluoro-methyl-2-imidazolyl)phenoxy]-2-propanol methanesul-phonate; 100 nM) to define total β-adrenoceptors and β1-adrenoceptors, respectively. Binding parameters for β2-adrenoceptors were calculated by the difference. Oral administration of the monoamine reuptake inhibitors sibutramine HC1 (3 mg/kg), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), desipramine (10 mg/kg), or zimeldine (10 mg/kg) for 10 days decreased the total number of β-adrenoceptors present in rat cortex. This effect was entirely due to a reduction in the number of β1-adrenoceptors. Similarly, 10 days of treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine (10 mg/kg p.o.) or five electroconvulsive shocks (ECSs; 200 V, 2 s) spread over this period also down-regulated β-adrenoceptors by reducing the content of the βsubtype. By contrast, treatment with clenbuterol (5 mg/kg p.o.) for 10 days reduced the number of cortical β-adrenoceptors by an effect on the β2-adre-noceptor population. The effects of short-term treatment with these drugs were also investigated, and, using the doses shown above, the results of 3 days of administration or a single ECS were determined. Sibutramine HC1 and desipramine were alone in producing a reduction in number of β-adrenoceptors after 3 days. Once again, this was exclusively due to a loss of β1-adrenoceptors. Together, the results show that antidepressants with disparate pharmacological actions all down-regulated β-adrenoceptors through the neuronal β1-adrenoceptor subtype. In addition, sibutramine HC1 and desipramine produced this attenuation very rapidly. However, clenbuterol treatment reduced the number of β2-adrenoceptors, and its reported antidepressant activity is, therefore, unlikely to be mediated via this mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 640-641 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 26 (1993), S. 622-624 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The atomic displacements of many of the atoms in a macromolecular structure can be modelled in terms of group motions described in the harmonic approximation by T, L and S tensors. Relevant groups may be planar side groups of protein chains, units of secondary structure such as α-helices or whole protein domains. For the TLS parameters to be interpreted, they must be related to the axes of inertia of the rigid groups and, in the case of the T and S tensors, must be calculated with respect to the centre of reaction of the rigid group. A program (TLSANL) is described that analyses these 21 TLS rigid-body displacement parameters and their relation with the principal axes of the rigid body, from the output of the segmented anisotropic refinement of a macromolecular structure, as produced by a program such as RESTRAIN [Haneef, Moss, Stanford & Borkakoti (1985). Acta Cryst. A41, 426–433; Driessen, Haneef, Harris, Howlin, Khan & Moss (1989). J. Appl. Cryst. 22, 510–516].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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