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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Insurance Mathematics and Economics 13 (1993), S. 171 
    ISSN: 0167-6687
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Breast carcinoma ; Magnetic resonance mammography ; Breast preservation ; Impact on ; Schlüsselwörter: Mammacarcinom ; Magnetresonanzmammographie ; brusterhaltende Operation ; Einfluß auf das operative Vorgehen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: In einer prospektiven Studie wurden der diagnostische Stellenwert sowie der Einfluß der Magnetresonanzmammographie (MRM) auf das operative Vorgehen bei Patientinnen (n = 125) geprüft, bei denen aufgrund der klinischen, sonographischen oder mammographischen Untersuchung der Verdacht auf ein Mammacarcinom bestand. Diese Patientinnen wurden zusätzlich einer bilateralen MRM zugeführt. Besonderes Interesse bestand hinsichtlich der Erkennung multifocaler, multizentrischer und kontralateraler Läsionen. Methode: Nach kompletter operativer Entfernung aller diagnostizierten Läsionen erfolgte die Ermittlung von Sensitivität und Spezifität der diagnostischen Methoden sowie einer Korrelation zwischen den apparativen und den histologischen Befunden. Ergebnisse: Bei 112 Patientinnen lagen vollständige Daten für die Auswertung vor: Allein mit Hilfe der konventionellen Verfahren wurden 91 Malignome entdeckt; dabei betrug die Sensitivität/Spezifität für die klinische Untersuchung 73 % bzw. 67 %, für die Mammasonographie 58 % bzw. 86 % und für die Röntgenmammographie 89 % bzw. 20 %. In diesem vorselektionierten Patientinnenkollektiv (Prävalenz 81,25 %) wurden durch die MRM die bereits durch konventionelle Verfahren entdeckten Läsionen mit einer Sensitivität von 96,7 % und einer Spezifität von 19 % bestätigt. Darüber hinaus wurden durch die MRM 46 weitere suspekte Läsionen diagnostiziert. Es fanden sich histologisch 28 maligne (25 ipsilaterale multifocale oder multizentrische Läsionen, 3 kontralaterale Carcinome) und 18 benigne Tumoren. Die Rate falsch-positiver MRM-Befunde lag bei 18 %. Aufgrund der MRM-Befunde wurde in 14,3 % der Fälle anstatt des ursprünglich geplanten brusterhaltenden Verfahrens eine Mastektomie durchgeführt. Schlußfolgerung: Anhand unserer Untersuchungsergebnisse ist die MRM das Verfahren der Wahl in der Differentialdiagnose diskrepanter Befunde von Mammographie und Sonographie und stellt die sensitivste Methode zum Ausschluß einer Multifocalität oder Multizentrizität dar. In unserem Patientinnenkollektiv beeinflußten die Befunde der MRM die Planung des operativen Vorgehens erheblich. Für den sinnvollen Einsatz der Methode sind ein hoher technischer Standard sowie eine hohe Qualifikation des Untersuchers und eine enge interdisziplinäre Kooperation zwischen Radiologen, Pathologen und Chirurgen Voraussetzung.
    Notes: Summary. Introduction: In a prospective study the diagnostic validity of magnetic resonance mammography (MRM) as well as its impact on the choice of the operative procedure in the treatment of breast cancer was examined. In 125 patients who were suspected of having breast cancer by clinical examination, ultrasound, and X-ray mammography, additional bilateral MRM was performed. Of special interest was the diagnostic potential of MRM with regard to multifocal, multicentric and contralateral lesions. Methods: After a complete resection all lesions diagnosed by the various conventional methods were examined pathohistologically. In 112 patients, complete data were available to calculate the sensitivity and the specificity of each method as well as to correlate its results with the pathohistological findings. Results: In 91 cases, a breast carcinoma was diagnosed by conventional methods, with a sensitivity/specificity of 73 %/67 % for clinical examination, of 58 %/86 % for ultrasound, and of 89 %/20 % for X-ray mammography. In this preselected series of patients with a prevalence of 81.25 % the diagnosis established by the various methods was confirmed by MRM with sensitivity of 96.7 % and specificity of 19 %. Forty-six additional suspicious lesions were found only by MRM, of which 28 were malignant (25 multifocal or multicentric and 3 contralateral carcinomas), and 18 benign. The rate of false-positive MRM results was 18 %. Due to the MRM findings, the therapeutic procedure was changed from breast preservation to mastectomy in 14.3 %. Conclusion: Not only for the differential diagnosis of discrepant findings between X-ray mammography and ultrasound, but especially for the diagnosis of multifocal or multicentric lesions, MRM seems to be the method of choice. Consequently, MRM plays an important role in planning the operative procedure in breast cancer patients, especially in the context of breast preservation. To ensure optimal use of this new diagnostic tool high technical standards, proper expertise on the part of the examining radiologist, and effective cooperation among the involved disciplines (radiology, pathology, surgery) must be guaranteed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: atmospheric deposition ; moss ; bog ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; water table
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen additions as NH4NO3 corresponding to 0 (N0), 1 (N1), 3 (N3) and 10 (N10) g N m−2 yr−1 were made toSphagnum magellanicurn cores at two-week intervalsin situ at four sites across Europe, i.e. Lakkasuo (Finland). Männikjärve (Estonia), Moidach More (UK) and Côte de Braveix (France). The same treatments were applied in a glasshouse experiment in Neuchâtel (Switzerland) in which the water table depth was artificially maintained at 7, 17 and 37 cm below the moss surface. In the field, N assimilation in excess of values in wet deposition occurred in the absence of growth, but varied widely between sites, being absent in Lakkasuo (moss N∶P ratio 68) and greatest in Moidach More (N∶P 21). In the glasshouse, growth was reduced by lowering the water table without any apparent effect on N assimilation. Total N content of the moss in field sites increased as the mean depth of water table increased indicating growth limitation leading to increased N concentrations which could reduce the capacity for N retention. Greater contents of NH4 + in the underlying peat at 30 cm depth, both in response to NH4NO3 addition and in the unamended cores confirmed poor retention of inorganic N by the moss at Lakkasuo. Nitrate contents in the profiles at Lakkasuo, Moidach More, and Côte de Braveix were extremely low, even in the N10 treatment, but in Männikjärve, where the mean depth of water table was greatest and retention absent, appreciable amounts of NO3 − were detected in all cores. It is concluded that peatland drainage would reduce the capture of inorganic N in atmospheric deposition bySphagnum mosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: atmospheric deposition ; moss ; bog ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; water table
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen additions as NH4NO3 corresponding to 0 (N0), 1 (N1), 3 (N3) and 10 (N10) g N m-2 yr-1 were made to Sphagnum magellanicum cores at two-week intervals in situ at four sites across Europe, i.e. Lakkasuo (Finland), Männikjärve (Estonia), Moidach More (UK) and Côte de Braveix (France). The same treatments were applied in a glasshouse experiment in Neuchâtel (Switzerland) in which the water table depth was artificially maintained at 7, 17 and 37 cm below the moss surface. In the field, N assimilation in excess of values in wet deposition occurred in the absence of growth, but varied widely between sites, being absent in Lakkasuo (moss N:P ratio 68) and greatest in Moidach More (N:P 21). In the glasshouse, growth was reduced by lowering the water table without any apparent effect on N assimilation. Total N content of the moss in field sites increased as the mean depth of water table increased indicating growth limitation leading to increased N concentrations which could reduce the capacity for N retention. Greater contents of NH4+ in the underlying peat at 30 cm depth, both in response to NH4NO3 addition and in the unamended cores confirmed poor retention of inorganic N by the moss at Lakkasuo. Nitrate contents in the profiles at Lakkasuo, Moidach More, and Côte de Braveix were extremely low, even in the N10 treatment, but in Männikjärve, where the mean depth of water table was greatest and retention absent, appreciable amounts of NO3- were detected in all cores. It is concluded that peatland drainage would reduce the capture of inorganic N in atmospheric deposition by Sphagnum mosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 103 (1992), S. 113-124 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Mowing experiment ; Permanent plot ; Wetland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vegetation mowing is usually recommended for preserving wet meadows, in particular for the prevention of land warping and brushwood encroachment. The concept and the methods for the study of the influence of different cutting rhythms on the vegetation of two wet meadows, as well as some short term results are presented. Cutting experiments with permanent plots have been undertaken in vegetation communities such as Orchio-Schoenetum nigricantis and Caricetum elatae, abandoned for many years. The strategy of the study was to have diverse but complementary methodological approaches in order to assess changes in the vegetation and species abundance, especially concerning the botanical composition, the vegetation structure and the species vitality. The methods include counting of plants or part of plants, morphometry of Phragmites communis, biomass measurements, phenological records, structure relevés with the point-intercept technique as well as classical vegetation relevés with coverage estimation. On a short term base we can conclude, on the whole, that the yearly winter cut treatment induces a better vitality (number of individuals, flowering, biomass) of the studied species, while in the control plots the vitality is low, due notably to the important layer of accumulating litter and the lack of light on the ground, which hamper soil warming. The yearly summer cut treatment and the winter cut made every three years show in general intermediate characteristics. Furthermore, the vegetation structure is noticeably different according to whether the vegetation is cut (with hay removal) or not. Concerning the methodology, it is concluded that a diverse approach is a good way to assess changes in the vegetation with a minimum loss of information. If the rather subjective method of vegetation relevés with cover estimation may be suitable for long term survey on permanent plots, more quantitative and objective techniques have to be set if short term or precise changes in the botanical composition, the species vitality and the biomass, as well as structural changes, are sought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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