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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 5 (1972), S. 297-302 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a déterminé les facteurs de déformation unitaire dans le béton flexible par des essais de fendage sur cylindre. Les données expérimentales ont été obtenues par la méthode Zandman des vernis photoélastiques. On donne les résultats pour deux types de liant de polyuréthane et trois types de granulat, soit des grains sphériques de deux dimensions différentes et un gravier siliceux. Le facteur de contrainte est environ deux fois plus grand pour les grains sphériques que pour le gravier; il s'accroît selon un facteur 3 lorsque le module du liant s'accroît selon un facteur 30.
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this investigation was to study the strain concentration factors in flexible concrete. The specimens were tested using the split-cylinder mode of loading, which was first reported by RILEM. The birefringent coating method, developed in France by Zandman, was used to determine the strain factors at and about the aggregate. It was shown how the strain factors increased with increasing modulus of the binder. The strain factors for spherical aggregate were greater than for the same size of gravel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 7 (1974), S. 119-125 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On rend compte des tentatives couronnées de succès faites pour obtenir des mélanges à fort allongement et à faible teneur en air utilisables en membranes minces comme matériaux intercalaires dans les revêtements de routes. L'emploi de ce matériau entre la couche d'usure et le support d'un revêtement flexible devrait contribuer à atténuer l'effet des contraintes thermiques, à entraver la fissuration déterminée par la fondation et à dimineur la migration d'eau. Le mélange final était composé de parties approximativement égales de lambeaux de pneus triturés, de sable et de bitume. On donne la relation de base et les études statistiques relatives aux essais de traction paramétriques du nouveau compsite. On a déjà montré que l'application de ce matériau contribuerait simultanément à rendre moins préoccupant de probème des déchets solides que posent les pneus au rebut et à améliorer le bon état structural des revêtements flexibles.
    Notes: Abstract The materials characterization for a new procedure to reduce pavement cracking was presented. The viscoelastic properties of several mixes were determined to ascertain optimum bitumen content and composition of aggregates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 5 (1972), S. 221-229 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une bonne part des discussions relatives au problème de l'élimination des déchets solides semble s'être concentrée sur la façon soit de les traiter chimiquement, soit de les brûler ou de les enterrer. L'incinération ne paraît pas compatible avec les soucis actuels de pollution de l'air, et, accomplie en vase clos, elle est coûteuse. Enterrer les déchets n'est pas non plus une solution viable étant donné l'augmentation du coût des terrains, et les fondations qu'on obtiendrait ainsi ne paraissent pas souhaitables pour les bâtiments futurs. On peut penser que les méthodes mécaniques de recyclage de ces matériaux offrent la meilleure solution potentielle. Cette solution peut être atteinte par l'analyse de système opérée par des équipes interdisciplinaires reposant sur des spécialistes de l'analyse des matériaux, des études de machines, et sur des ingénieurs constructeurs. Les spécialistes de l'analyse des matértaux peuvent accomplir les recherches nécessaires afin, de déterminer la forme, l'aspect et la constitution des matériaux, le constructeur de machines peut fournir l'appareillage propre à traiter économiquement les matériaux, et l'ingénieur constructeur jugera et décidera des applications. Dans cet article, on examine les obstacles aux solutions possibles, les quantités et les coûts des déchets solides, quelques tentatives de recherche antérieures et les résultats de plusieurs études de faisabilité relatives à l'utilisation des déchets pour l'amélioration de la construction. Cette récente recherche est unique, car on s'est servi de méthodes aérospatiales pour évaluer de nouveaux types de matériaux de construction, tels que les bouteilles de bière, les pneus, les récipients en matière plastique et les déchets animaux.
    Notes: Abstract This paper considers the current amount of wasted solids, costs disposal, and some of the problems impeding solutions. Research efforts on recycling of various new types of construction materials such as beer bottles, scrap tires plastic milk jugs, and animal waste were discussed. New procedures were used for better evaluations in the reported feasibility studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 13 (1980), S. 23-27 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: résumé Il est communément admis que la fatigue joue souvent un rôle important dans la fissuration des revêtements de chaussée. Le traitement de ce problème n'a cessé de préoccuper des responsables des projets et des études de routes. L'établissement d'une méthodologie appropriée s'est révélée décevante étant donné le très grand nombre de variables déterminées par la composition du revêtement que l'on peut rencontrer dans la pratique. La méthode simplifiée proposée ici permet le calcul des facteurs de fatigue par un mélange donné par comparaison avec des essais de fatigue effectués antérieurement sur des compositions différentes. Les facteurs de fatigue pour chaque variable sont alors combinés en utilisant la déformation uniaxiale en traction ultime du mélange considéré pour déterminer en années la longévité en fatigue théorique. Un exemple simplifié illustre l'application de la méthode.
    Notes: Abstract It is commonly understood that fatigue is often a major contributory cause of pavement cracking. How the subject of pavement fatigue should be treated in highway design and analysis has been of continuing concern to highway planners. A suitable methodology for considering pavement fatigue has been elusive due to the very large number of variables in regard to pavement composition which can be encountered in practice. The simplified approach proposed here enables the computation of fatigue factors for a given mixture by comparison with previous fatigue tests on dissimilar compositions. The fatigue factors for each variable are then combined, using the uniaxial ultimate tensile strain of the given mixture, to determine the theoretical fatigue tests on dissimilar compositions. The fatigue factors for each variable are then combined, using the uniaxial ultimate tensile strain of the given mixture, to determine the theoretical fatigue life in years. A simplified illustrative example is given to show how the procedures might be utilized. The given procedures are now of limited applicability for obtaining quantitative results because of insufficient pavement fatigue data available in the literature. The procedures and data given will however enable qualitative results to be calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 11 (1971), S. 363-369 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A satisfactory method was developed for evaluating the holding characteristics of fasteners in bone. Using this method in over 100 tests, the ultimate pull-out forces and shear stresses were determined for two sizes of sheet-metal type of screws with various interference fits, for a commercial orthopedic self-tapping screw, and for two sizes of machine screws in tapped bone, each at five sections of equine metacarpus. The ultimate pull-out force was maximum at the midlength of the bone, and minimum at the distal end. In general, the failure mechanisms were bone-thread shear for low pull-out forces, bone splitting at intermediate pull-out forces, and bone fragmentation at high pull-out forces. The failure mechanisms of the bone indicate that orthopedic fasteners should possibly not be designed for maximum holding force.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 11 (1971), S. 363-369 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A satisfactory method was developed for evaluating the holding characteristics of fasteners in bone. Using this method in over 100 tests, the ultimate pull-out forces and shear stresses were determined for two sizes of sheet-metal type of screws with various interference fits, for a commercial orthopedic self-tapping screw, and for two sizes of machine screws in tapped bone, each at five sections of equine metacarpus. The ultimate pull-out force was maximum at the midlength of the bone, and minimum at the distal end. In general, the failure mechanisms were bone-thread shear for low pull-out forces, bone splitting at intermediate pull-out forces, and bone fragmentation at high pull-out forces. The failure mechanisms of the bone indicate that orthopedic fasteners should possibly not be designed for maximum holding force.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 4 (1964), S. 191-199 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A need exists for a birefringent material having phenomenological characteristics similar to solid propellants, which can be used in photoelastic studies for grain design of rocket engines. Comparisons of the isoclinics and the isochromatics in several segmentally cast specimens and continuous cast specimens of various geometries and loading conditions were made. Some of the specimens contained oriented or random inclusions. The investigations indicated that tolylene di-isocyanate polyurethane would be a satisfactory and a useful photoelastic material for grain-design applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 4 (1964), S. 160-166 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Utilizing the birefringent-coating technique complemented with data from electrical-resistance type of strain gages, the whole field stresses and stress-concentration factors were determined for single fillets and grooves for uniaxially and biaxially applied loads. The experimentally determined stress-concentration factors for the nonsymmetrical specimens subjected to uniaxially applied loads were considerably higher than the previously determined factors for symmetrical specimens subjected to uniaxial loads, or for the specimens in this study having a similar geometry but subjected to biaxial loads. The particular stress-concentration factors determined are not available in the literature, and these factors should, therefore, be especially useful for design purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 3 (1963), S. 140-147 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to obtain experimental stress and deflection data for thick, circular, simply supported plates, containing circular transverse perforations in square motif, under uniform lateral loading. The stress-concentration factor and the deflection-multiplier factor, the ratio of the maximum principal stress and the maximum deflection of the perforated plate to that of the solid-plate specimen, respectively, were obtained for each perforated specimen. These factors can be conveniently used for the design of tube sheets, perforated heads, or other similar structural components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 10 (1970), S. 474-480 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The reported work is a part of an ongoing research program concerned with structural analysis of fractured long bone and methods of internal fixation. The stress-concentration factors for equine metacarpus bones containing greenstick fractures and “through” fractures (surgically repaired) were determined for the compression, flexural and torsional modes of loading based on whole bone (unfractured) strengths. The greenstick type of fracture was simulated with saw cuts at the mid-span of the bone, and the parameters varied were depth of fracture and orientation of fracture. All specimens consisted of fresh dead bone which had been placed in a freezer within 4 hr after expiration. The maximum stress-concentration factors for the simulated greenstick fractures studied were about 3.4 for compression, 4.3 for torsion and 16 for flexure. The stressconcentration factors for fractured bones surgically repaired with commercial plates were about 3.0 for compression, 2.7 for torsion and 6.1 for flexure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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