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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pesticides on ectomycorrhizae ofPinus sylvestris seedlings (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Artificial inoculation ; Ectomycorrhizae ; Fungicide ; Dithane M-45 ; Herbicide ; Gramoxone ; Pinus sylvestris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Knowledge of the effect of pesticides on the formation of forest tree mycorrhizae is important as pesticides are nowadays used in forestry. The effect of the fungicide Dithane M-45 and the herbicide Gramoxone on the growth ofPinus sylvestris L. seedlings and on the development of their mycorrhizae was studied. Investigations involved seedlings inoculated with pure cultures of mycorrhizal fungi in flasks with perlite under aseptic conditions, in Mitscherlich pots filled with perlite under semi-aseptic conditions, and on peat substrate in outdoor beds. No change in seedling growth and the mycorrhiza formation occurred when water suspension of the fungicide Dithane M-45 was used at the recommended dose. The highest rates of this fungicide had no phytotoxic effect although the growth of treated seedlings was reduced due to complete or partial inhibition of mycorrhizal formation. In contrast, even low doses of Gramoxone reduced the growth of the inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings which were more sensitive than their mycorrhizal fungi. The soil sterilization of outdoor beds with an application of a water suspension of Dithane M-45 at recommended doses reduced mycorrhizal development and seedling growth. Seedlings inoculated simultaneously with pure cultures ofSuillus granulatus showed a slightly better growth than untreated controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182675
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycorrhiza in some plant desert species in Algeria (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 363-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Algeria ; Casuarina ; Cedrus ; Desert plants ; Ectomycorrhiza ; Eriobotria ; Eucalyptus ; Globularia ; Helianthenum ; Herniaria ; Noaea ; Peganum ; P. halepensis ; PistaciaP. maritima ; Quercus ; Rosmarinus ; Stipa ; Tamarix ; V-A mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty plant species from four environmentally harsh sites in Algeria which were associated with seven ectomycorrhizal and nine endomycorrhizal species. Ectomycorrhizal associations were found onQuercus illex, Pinus halepensis, Pinus maritima, Juniperus phoenica, Cedrus atlantica, Peganum harmala andGlobularia alypum. Endomycorrhizal associations were withStipa tenacissima, Rosmarinus Tournefortii, Helianthemum Lippii, Tamarix sp.,Eryobotria japonica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Herniaria Fontanesii, Noaea mucronata andPistacia lentiscus. Both ecto- and endomycorrhizal associations occurred onEucalyptus globosa andEucalyptus cupressus. Ectomycorrhizas varied from well-defined to loose with or without a Hartig net.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182676
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ammonium sulphate deposition and root sinks on soil solution chemistry in coniferous forest soils (1997)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 38 (1997), S. 255-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: aluminium ; forest soils ; lysimeters ; nitrification ; nitrogen ; roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The effects of enhanced (NH4 2SO4deposition on soil solution cation and anion concentrations and annualionic fluxes were followed using a standardised experimental protocolin six European coniferous forests with contrasting soil types, pollutioninputs and climate. Native soil cores containing a ceramic suction cupwere installed in the field, roofed and watered every two weeks withlocal throughfall or local throughfall with added(NH4)2SO4 at 75 kgNH4 +-N ha-1 a-1. Livingroot systems were established in half of the lysimeters.Untreated throughfall NH4 +-N deposition at thesites ranged from 3.7 to 29 kg ha-1 a-1Soil leachates were collected at two weekly intervalsover 12 months and analysed for volume, andconcentrations of major anions and cations. Increasesin soil solution NO3 - concentrations inresponse to N additions were observed after 4–9months at three sites, whilst one sandy soil with highC:N ratio failed to nitrify under any of thetreatments. Changes in NO3 - concentrationsin soil solution controlled soil solution cationconcentrations in the five nitrifying soils, withAl3+ being the dominant cation in the more acidsoils with low base saturation. The acidification responses ofthe soils to the (NH4 2SO4additions were primarily related to the ability of thesoils to nitrify the added NH4 +. pH and soiltexture seemed important in controllingNH4 + leaching in response to the treatments,with two less acidic, clay/clay loam sites showingalmost total retention of added NH4 +, whilstnearly 75% of the added N was leached asNH4 + at the acid sandy soils. The presenceof living roots significantly reduced soil solutionNO3 - and associated cation concentrations attwo of the six sites. The very different responses of the sixsoils to increased (NH4)2SO4deposition emphasise that the establishment of N critical loadsfor forest soils need to allow for differences in N storagecapacity and nitrification potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005875505591
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impacts of (NH4)2SO4 Deposition on Norway Spruce (Picea Abies [L.] Karst) Roots (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 116 (1999), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: ammonium sulphate ; roots ; in-growth cores ; Picea abies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The effects of enhanced (NH4)2SO4 (NS) deposition on Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) fine root biomass, vitality and chemistry were investigated using root-free in-growth cores reproducing native organic and mineral soil horizons. The cores were covered and watered every 2 weeks with native throughfall or throughfall supplemented with NS to increase deposition by 75 kg ha-1 a-1 NH4 +-N (86 kg ha-1 a-1 SO42--S). The in-growth cores were sampled after 19 months and assessed for root biomass, necromass, length, tip number, tip vitality and fine root chemistry. Root biomass and fine root aluminium (Al) concentration were negatively correlated, but NS deposition had no effect on root growth or root tip vitality. NS deposition caused increased fine root nitrogen (N) concentrations in the organic horizon and increased Calcium (Ca) concentrations in the mineral horizon. Fine root biomass was higher in the organic horizon, where fine root Al and potassium (K) concentrations were lower and Ca concentrations higher than in the mineral horizon. Results highlighted the importance of soil stratification on fine root growth and chemical composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005250710017
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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