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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of morphology on mechanical and rheological properties of butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate multiphase polymers (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 793-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymers of butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate with different morphologies were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Four types of polymers were obtained: copolymer, core-shell, three layer, and a core-shell with a copolymer layer of variable composition (gradient). The effect of the morphologies on the mechanical and rheological properties of these polymers was studied. It was found that when the same overall composition was used the properties of the polymer can be varied from those of rigid plastic to those of an elastomeric material. It was found that increasing the content of butyl acrylate (BA) improves the mechanical properties and the presence of a copolymer zone improves the impact resistance of the material. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070560704
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characterization of hydrogels obtained by grafting of acrylonitrile onto cassava starch by ceric ion initiation (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft starch-polyacrylonitrile copolymers have been obtained from cassava starch (yucca starch or tapioca), which was pre-heated at 65 and 95°C for different lengths of time. The copolymerization was carried out by using ceric ion as initiator at different concentrations (2.0 to 8.0 mmol/L) and also varying both the length of time of copolymerization and the ratio of monomer to starch. The composition, or grafting parameters, of all the obtained copolymers was determined by weight difference after they were extracted with dimethylformamide and hydrolyzed with an acidic solution. Samples of these copolymers were also hydrolyzed with an aqueous solution of potasium bydroxide to produce the corresponding hydrogels, and its absorbency in water was determined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470108
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coconut husk lignin. III. Reactivity of alkaline extracts with formaldehyde (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this article we report results of the evaluation of the reactivity of polyphenolic extracts of coconut husk with formaldehyde in both acidic and alkaline media. The objective of this evaluation was to determine if the extracts could be used in the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde-type resins. Extracts were obtained using aqueous solutions of NaOH (with and without anthraquinone) and NH4OH. Because of their low Stiasny's Number values, these extracts are not suitable for phenol-formaldehyde resin preparation in acidic conditions unless they are mixed with phenol or phenolic derivatives. Nevertheless, extracts obtained with NaOH, especially at 100 and 120°C, showed sufficient reactivity with form-aldehyde in basic conditions and may therefore be considered suitable for resin preparation in an alkaline medium. The resins were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). A transition temperature prior to decomposition was not detected; their thermal stability was similar to phenol-formaldehyde-type resins. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470106
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coconut husk lignin. II. Characterization by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 645-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Results of the characterization of coconut husk lignin by infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy are presented. Lignin was extracted with both alkaline and organosolv liquors. The IR spectra of dioxane lignin were very similar to those reported for hardwood lignins. Furthermore, these results combined with those obtained from the H-NMR studies suggest that coconut husk lignin can be classified into the Lm-type lignins. These lignins are characteristic of the monocotyledon class, of which the coconut palm is a member. The H-NMR studies showed that anthraquinone significantly inhibited the occurrence of lignin condensation during the alkaline extraction with sodium hydroxide solutions. This inhibition was more intense in the lignin extracted at 150°C than in that extracted at 100°C.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450411
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coconut husk lignin. I. Extraction and characterization (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 633-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Recently lignin has been the object of a renewed interest because of the need to use raw materials from renewable resources. One such resource is coconut husk, a material usually discarded during the copra extraction process. Due to its high lignin content, coconut husk has been recognized as having a variety of applications. Therefore, it is important to know the approximate structure of coconut husk lignin and those variations introduced by different isolation methods. This work reports a general characterization of coconut husk lignin. Results are given of the contents of hydroxyl and noncondensed guaiacyl units, the extractability of the lignin in alkaline and “organosolv” media along with thermal properties of the extracted lignins. The extraction system of NaOH-anthraquinone at 150°C was most conveniently based on the relatively low amount of condensed lignin generated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450410
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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