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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Odor Plumes and How Insects Use Them (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 37 (1992), S. 505-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.37.010192.002445
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of Moth Pests by Mating Disruption: Successes and Constraints (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 40 (1995), S. 559-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.40.010195.003015
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of Lepidoptera to Synthetic Sex Pheromone Chemicals and Their Analogues (1977)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 22 (1977), S. 377-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.22.010177.002113
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased host acceptance in experienced females of the parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia: which types of oviposition behaviour contribute to experience? (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Brachymeria intermedia ; gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; parasitoid ; kairomone ; host acceptance ; experience ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) is a solitary endoparasitoid of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). The probability that a wasp will parasitise this host is increased if she had a previous oviposition experience. We investigated which types of pre-oviposition and oviposition behaviour induced this change by comparing the acceptance behaviour of wasps with zero to five oviposition experiences as well as wasps with various partial host handling experiences (from no contact with a host to one complete oviposition sequence). The percentage of females accepting the host increased gradually with both the number of previous oviposition experiences and the amount of handling of a single host. Furthermore, the naive females were less likely (44%) to walk to the host than females with a variety of experiences (72–100%). A single antennal contact with the host was sufficient to increase the probability of walking to the host. Additional handling and additional oviposition experiences further elevated the propensity to oviposit. Thus, the modification of the acceptance behaviour through experience was essentially a gradual process in which antennal contact with a pupa was a major element. It is suggested that naive wasps learned the host odour when they first antennated a pupa. As a result, they were attracted to the host odour in subsequent encounters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304460
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wind tunnel assays of olfactory responses of femaleRhagoletis pomonella flies to apple volatiles: effect of wind speed and odour release rate (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 68 (1993), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Rhagoletis pomonella ; Tephritidae ; wind tunnel ; wind speed ; behaviour ; olfaction ; fruit volatiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of wind speed and odour release rate on femaleRhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) responses to synthetic host apple volatiles was studied in a wind tunnel bioassay. Three apple tree models were placed in the wind tunnel (upwind, central and downwind sections) after which flies were released individually on the central tree and their movements observed for 15 min. The experiment was designed as a two-way factorial with no odour and odour release rates of ca. 18 and ca. 500μg h−1 and still air and wind speeds of 0.8 and 1.6 m s−1 as treatments. Both wind speed and odour had significant effects on flight frequency (landings min−1) and general fly activity. Fly movement decreased as wind speed increased from 0 m s−1 to 0.8 and 1.6 m s−1, but this decrease was attenuated when air carried apple volatiles. When air was odour-free, flies exposed to 1.6 m s−1 wind moved downwind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380528
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flight manoeuvers used by a parasitic wasp to locate host-infested plant (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 70 (1994), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cotesia rubecula ; parasitoid ; in-flight orientation ; olfaction ; kairomone ; anemotaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cotesia rubecula Marshall (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a specialist larval parasitoid of the butterflyPieris rapae L. which itself feeds almost exclusively upon cruciferous plants. Female wasps are attracted to the odour of host-infested plant (plant-host complex: PHC) and the probability of flights in a wind tunnel depends on females’ prior oviposition experience with the PHC and on the concentration of the PHC odour. This study considers the effect of both factors on characteristics of oriented flight upwind towards the PHC. The flight track parameters that we measured and calculated were not significantly affected by these factors.C. rubecula females exhibited high average flight velocity and relatively straight flight tracks. There was a considerable variability between individuals, however, in their odour-modulated upwind flight tracks. Some females generated a zigzagging upwind flight track similar to those commonly observed from male moths responding to female sex pheromone. Other females flew along a straight track directly upwind. The flight tracks of most female wasps were intermediate between these extremes. The full range of these flight performances was observed to all experimental treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380562
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of experience on the sequential and temporal organization of host-acceptance behavior inBrachymeria intermedia (Chalcididae), an endoparasitoid of gypsy moth (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 647-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Brachymeria intermedia ; Lymantria dispar ; parasitoid ; experience ; foraging ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experienced Brachymeria intermediafemales are almost twice as likely to accept a Lymantria disparpupa as inexperienced parasitoids. The sequence of parasitoid behaviors that leads to host acceptance is highly canalized. Experienced parasitoids, however, have a higher probability of initiating host investigation and making a transition from drumming to grasping, which in turn almost invariably leads to ovipositor insertion. Experienced females found the host more quickly than inexperienced females. Host-handling time did not change with experience but was longer in females that accepted rather than rejected the host. Females exposed to gypsy moth odor but not contacting pupae behaved similarly to females that never experienced host-related stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052334
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host recognition byPimpla instigator F. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Preferences and learned responses (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: parasitoid ; host selection ; host recognition ; Pimpla ; Pieris ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study identifies some previously unreported tactile and visual cues used by the pupal parasitoid Pimpla instigatorF. (Ichneumonidae) to recognize potential hosts. Paper cylinders were presented to the wasps as simple models of lepidopteran pupae. Acceptance of these models was evaluated by determining the frequency with which the wasps punctured the cylinders with their ovipositors. The length of the cylinders did not influence acceptance of the models; however, both surface texture and structural modifications to the ends of the cylinder did affect the frequency of punctures. Smooth cylinders were punctured more often than roughened cylinders, and cylinders with closed ends were frequently punctured, whereas open-ended cylinders were consistently rejected. The wasps also discriminated between blue and yellow cylinders and could be trained to associate blue or yellow with the presence of hosts. Preferences were established during a single 90- min training period and persisted for at least 4 days following training.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049143
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pheromone plume structure and visual stimuli on the pheromone-modulated upwind flight of male gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) in a Forest (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 385-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: flight ; orientation ; pheromone ; plume ; vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pheromone-modulated upwind flight ofLymantria dispar males responding to different pheromone plume structures and visual stimuli designed to mimic trees was video recorded in a forest. Males flying upwind along pheromone plumes of similar structure generated tracks that were similar in appearance and quantitatively similar in almost all parameters measured, regardless of the experimentally manipulated visual stimuli associated with the pheromone source. Net velocities, ground speeds, and airspeeds of males flying in point-source plumes were slower than those of males flying in the wider, more diffuse plumes issuing from a cylindrical baffle. The mean track angle of males flying in plumes issuing from a point source was greater (oriented more across the wind) than that of males flying in plumes issuing from a transparent cylindrical baffle. Males flying in point-source plumes also turned more frequently and had narrower tracks overall than males responding to plumes from a cylindrical baffle. These data suggest thatL. dispar males orienting to pheromone sources (i.e., calling females) associated with visible vertical cylinders (i.e., trees) use predominantly olfactory cues to locate the source and that the structure of the pheromone plume markedly affects the flight orientation and the resultant track.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989742
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for altered pheromone-component ratios in the pink bollworm moth,Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 609-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: pink bollworm ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; (Z, E)-hexadecadienyl acetate ; (Z, Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; sex pheromone ; genetics ; artificial selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Female pink bollworm moths, Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders), were selected for altered component ratios of the long-distance sex pheromone, (Z, E)-and (Z, Z)-7,11- hexadecadienyl acetate. Selection for 12 generations increased the mean (± SD) percentage of the (Z, E)isomer from 42.9 ± 1.0 in the parental generation to 48.2 ± 1.2. Although statistically significant, a change of this magnitude may be transparent to males because of their relatively broad response spectrum. Selection for a lower percentage of the (Z, E)isomer yielded no change in the mean pheromone ratio. The total amount of pheromone produced declined in both selected lines. In the line selected for females producing a high percentage of the (Z, E)isomer, the duration of wing fanning by males to high (Z, E)blends was elevated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065782
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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