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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of cardiac chronotropic and inotropic effects of β-adrenoceptor agonists (1977)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 300 (1977), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Heart rate ; Heart contractility ; β 1-Adrenoceptors ; β 2-Adrenoceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relative inotropic and chronotropic activity of β-adrenoceptor agonists was studied in the noradrenaline-depleted, anaesthetized cat. Terbutaline, a selective β 2-adrenoceptor agonist, gave at a certain dose a more pronounced chronotropic than inotropic response, while a new β 1-selective adrenoceptor agonist (−)-H 80/62 produced the same degree of chronotropic and inotropic stimulation. The results indicate that there is some difference between the β-adrenoceptors in the sinus node mediating chronotropic stimulation and β-adrenoceptors in the ventricular myocardium mediating stimulation of the contractile force. It has been shown that there are both β 1- and β 2-adrenoceptors in the heart (Carlsson et al., 1972). In the light of this finding it is hypothetized that there are differences in the relative distribution of β 1- and β 2-adrenoceptors in the sinus node and in the myocardium. Although β 1 is the predominant type of β-adrenoceptor in both regions, the β 1:β 2 concentration ratio seems to be higher in the myo-cardium, than in the sinus node.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00505039
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme activities and electronmicroscopic structure of rat milk fractions obtained after centrifugation (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 223-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Milk (rat) ; Fat globule ; Apocrine secretion ; Electronmicroscopy ; Enzyme analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary LDH and MDH activities were found to increase after freeze-thawing of the cream and a non-fat fraction of rat milk isolated by centrifugation. Electronmicroscopy of these fractions revealed that cellular components occurred especially in association with milk fat globules but also in combination with secretion granules. The fat globule fraction represented only 20% of the milk volume but accounted for more than 50% of the LDH and 75% of the MDH activities in milk. The results show that in the rat mammary gland an apocrine secretion type occurs. The reason why the LDH and MDH activities increase in the milk during the lactation of the rat must be that increasing amounts of cellular material is passed into milk at secretion, containing increasing activities of LDH and MDH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306929
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of hypochlorhydria and hypergastrinemia on structure and function of gastrointestinal cells (1995)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 40 (1995), S. 50S 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: omeprazole ; hypochlorhydria ; hypergastrinemia ; enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids ; peptic ulcer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since hypochlorhydria can induce hypergastrinemia, and gastrin has a trophic effect on some gastrointestinal cells, states that cause elevated plasma gastrin levels are of interest in terms of effects on cell growth and function. This article reviews the relationship between gastric mucosal cells during periods of acid stimulation and inhibition and analyses the effects of hypochlorhydria and hypergastrinemia on gastric and colonic cells and tumors. Hypochlorhydria releases the inhibitory effect of antral gastrin cells, inducing them to release gastrin in the presence of peptides or amino acids in the gastric lumen or in response to antral distension. Gastrin stimulates the oxyntic mucosa, which may lead to hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like cells, resulting in enterochromaffin-like carcinoid tumors in aged rats and, rarely, in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis or gastrinomas. In addition to hypergastrinemia, other factors appear to be required for the progression of enterochromaffin-like hyperplasia to carcinoids; genetic factors may be involved. Gastrin elevations due to antisecretory drug therapy are indirectly proportional to the degree of acid inhibition and are reversible upon cessation of therapy. The gastrin levels during omeprazole therapy are similar to those caused by gastric vagotomy. Available evidence does not support a relationship between hypergastrinemia and the occurrence or growth of gastric carcinoma or colonic tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02214871
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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