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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve ischaemia in diabetic rats: time-course of development, effect of insulin treatment plus comparison of streptozotocin and BB models (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Doppler flux ; ischaemia ; rat ; insulin ; BB rat ; streptozotocin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study sought to determine the timecourse of development of reduced nerve laser Doppler flux in experimental diabetes and the effect on this anomaly of insulin treatment. In addition, we aimed to compare nerve laser Doppler flux in streptozotocin-and genetically-diabetic BB rat models. Sciatic nerve laser Doppler flux in diabetic rats was variable during the 2 days following streptozotocin injection; from day 4, when the measurement was 80% of control, fluxes fell steadily and formed a plateau at 40% of control values after 4 weeks of diabetes. In a second study, using rats with 4-week streptozotocin-diabetes, sciatic nerve laser Doppler flux was reduced to 44% of the value measured in control rats. Treatment of a parallel group of diabetic rats with insulin, by sustained release implants, prevented this ischaemia, so that nerve laser Doppler flux was 91% of controls. Nerve Doppler flux in BB rats with 6-week genetic diabetes was 57% of a control (non-diabetic) BB group. There were no differences in mean arterial pressures between control and diabetic rats in any of the studies. Heart rates of control and insulin-treated diabetic animals were higher than those of the untreated diabetic group; in the other studies heart rates of diabetic animals were numerically lower than controls, but not significantly so. These observations suggest that sciatic nerves of rats with short-term diabetes, whether induced with streptozotocin or of genetic origin, are markedly ischaemic and that this ischaemia in streptozotocindiabetes is evident within a week of diabetes onset, forms a plateau after 4 weeks and is maintained for at least 2 months. The findings also indicate that treatment of short-term diabetes with insulin can prevent nerve ischaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428776
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve ischaemia in diabetic rats: time-course of development, effect of insulin treatment plus comparison of streptozotocin and BB models (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Diabetes mellitus, Doppler flux, ischaemia, rat, insulin, BB rat, streptozotocin.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study sought to determine the time-course of development of reduced nerve laser Doppler flux in experimental diabetes and the effect on this anomaly of insulin treatment. In addition, we aimed to compare nerve laser Doppler flux in streptozotocin- and genetically-diabetic BB rat models. Sciatic nerve laser Doppler flux in diabetic rats was variable during the 2 days following streptozotocin injection; from day 4, when the measurement was 80 % of control, fluxes fell steadily and formed a plateau at 40 % of control values after 4 weeks of diabetes. In a second study, using rats with 4-week streptozotocin-diabetes, sciatic nerve laser Doppler flux was reduced to 44 % of the value measured in control rats. Treatment of a parallel group of diabetic rats with insulin, by sustained release implants, prevented this ischaemia, so that nerve laser Doppler flux was 91 % of controls. Nerve Doppler flux in BB rats with 6-week genetic diabetes was 57 % of a control (non-diabetic) BB group. There were no differences in mean arterial pressures between control and diabetic rats in any of the studies. Heart rates of control and insulin-treated diabetic animals were higher than those of the untreated diabetic group; in the other studies heart rates of diabetic animals were numerically lower than controls, but not significantly so. These observations suggest that sciatic nerves of rats with short-term diabetes, whether induced with streptozotocin or of genetic origin, are markedly ischaemic and that this ischaemia in streptozotocin-diabetes is evident within a week of diabetes onset, forms a plateau after 4 weeks and is maintained for at least 2 months. The findings also indicate that treatment of short-term diabetes with insulin can prevent nerve ischaemia. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 43–48]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050070
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Essential fatty acid treatment prevents nerve ischaemia and associated conduction anomalies in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; diabetic neuropathies ; Doppler flux ; essential fatty acids ; gamma linolenic acid ; anoxia ; ischaemia ; nerve conduction ; rat ; streptozotocin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rats with 6 weeks streptozotocin-diabetes there was a 53% reduction in sciatic nerve laser Doppler flux compared to controls (p〈0.01). Treatment of a parallel group of diabetic rats with evening primrose oil, by dietary admixture throughout the protocol, prevented this ischaemia (Doppler flux was 91% of evening primrose oil-treated controls and was not significantly different). There were no differences in systemic arterial pressure. In another experiment evening primrose oil markedly antagonised the development of exaggerated resistance to anoxic conduction failure in sciatic nerves from diabetic rats. The resistance to anoxia of nerves from non-diabetic rats was also reduced by evening primrose oil. These observations suggest that the sciatic nerves of diabetic rats with short-term streptozotocin-diabetes are markedly ischaemic and that this ischaemia is involved in the development of increased resistance to anoxic/ischaemic conduction failure in diabetic nerve. The findings also promote evening primrose oil as a potential treatment to prevent nerve ischaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402274
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aldose reductase inhibition with imirestat — effects on impulse conduction and insulin-stimulation of Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase activity in sciatic nerves of streptozotocin-diabetic rats (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; diabetic neuropathy ; hypoxia ; nerve conduction ; aldose reductase inhibition ; Na+/K+-ATPase ; insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study describes reduced motor nerve conduction velocity and increased resistance to hypoxia-induced conduction failure in sciatic nerves of rats after four weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (both effects were significant at p 〈0.05). These changes occurred in the absence of any deficit in the steady-state ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of sciatic nerve endoneurial homogenates. The addition of 10 nmol/l insulin to endoneurial homogenates from control animals resulted in a 34% increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity and a 19% reduction in ouabain-insensitive ATPase activity (both p 〈0.01). This stimulation of ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity by insulin did not occur in homogenates from diabetic rats. Treating diabetic rats daily with the aldose reductase inhibitor, imirestat (1 mg/kg) improved nerve conduction velocity (p 〈0.05) but was without effect upon the resistance to hypoxic conduction blockade or the deficit in insulin-stimulated oubain-sensitive ATPase activity. These data suggest that in streptozotocin-diabetic rats the functional disorders of reduced motor nerve conduction velocity and increased resistance to hypoxic conduction blockade do not share a common aetiology and that impaired nerve conduction is not related to reduced maximal potential oubain-sensitive ATPase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403177
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in sensory neuropeptides in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord of spontaneously diabetic BB rats (1994)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 31 (1994), S. 198-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Substance P ; Diabetic BB rat ; Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the experession of the sensory neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), in the lumbar 4 and 5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord of spontaneously diabetic BB rats and non-diabetic controls using quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. In both animal groups immunoreactivities for CGRP and SP were widely distributed within the neurons of DRG and in nerve fibres of the dorsal spinal cord. Image analysis of each neuropeptide subpopulation in the DRG showed that in diabetic rats the cell diameter of immunostained CGRP neurons was significantly decreased compared with controls, while no difference could be found for SP-immunoreactive (IR) neurons. The decrease in the CGRP-IR cell diameter appeared to occur mainly in medium to large neurons (30–50 μm diameter; 2.2% controls, 〈1% diabetes), this change being parallel to an increased frequency of small-size neurons (〈20 μm diameter) in diabetic rats (62% controls, 69% diabetes;P〈0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the total number of cells immunostained for either CGRP or SP between control and diabetic rats. The ratio of CGRP or SP neurons compared to total cells in the ganglion was similar in control and diabetic groups. No difference could be observed for peptide immunoreactivity in the dorsal and ventral horns of either control or diabetic animals. The observed changes of perikaryal size in diabetic rats might relate to the reduced axonal calibre and conduction velocity observed in these animals, and indicate that subpopulations of sensory neurons are affected differently by diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571951
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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