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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 38 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Using mouse brain cortical slices, we investigated the relative roles of cyclic AMP and of calcium ions as the intracellular messengers for the activation of glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1; α-1,4-glucan:orthophosphate glucosyltransferase) induced by noradrenaline and by depolarization. Activation of phosphorylase by 100 μM noradrenaline is mediated by β-adrenergic receptors and does not require the copresence of adenosine. The role of the concomitant small increase in cyclic AMP is questioned. Short-term treatment with EGTA or LaCl3 abolishes the noradrenaline activation of phosphorylase, pointing to a critical role of extracellular calcium. Depolarization by 25 mM K+ or 100 μM veratridine produces a rapid and large (fourfold) activation of phosphorylase. Only veratridine increases the cyclic AMP levels; exogenous adenosine deaminase essentially blocks this cyclic AMP accumulation but not the phosphorylase activation. A halfmaximal activation of phosphorylase occurs at about 12 mM K+. Addition of EGTA or LaCl3, reduces the effect of both depolarizations to a slight and transient activation of phosphorylase. These results indicate that activation of glycogen phosphorylase by K+ or veratridine occurs by a cyclic AMP-independent and calcium-dependent mechanism. The calcium dependency of brain phosphorylase kinase renders this kinase the prime target enzyme for regulation of glycogenolysis by calcium ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 20 (1973), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the 5-day-old chick, radioactive leucine was incorporated into proteins of synaptosomal and subsynaptosomal fractions both by fast axoplasmic flow and synthesis within the optic tectum. The distribution of radioactivity in subsynaptosomal fractions suggested that both pathways contribute to the protein constituents of each fraction. The relative contributions to each fraction were similar except for the supernatant proteins, for which fast axoplasmic flow contributed less than the synthesis within the optic tectum. The qualitative contribution of fast flow and synthesis within the optic tectum to the synaptic membrane fraction was distinctive. Fast axoplasmic flow preferentially labelled the high molecular weight proteins, whereas synthesis within the optic tectum labelled a larger percentage of smaller molecular weight proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 138 (1982), S. 76-78 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytokine gene polymorphisms are known to influence susceptibility and disease course of many autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system white matter characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage. We analysed both the well-known intronic variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and +33 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL-4 gene, as well as the functional Q551R SNP in the IL4-R gene in a cohort of three distinct populations comprising sporadic cases and controls from the northern Spanish Basque Country and Northern Ireland, as well as family trios from Belgium. The IL-4 +33 TT genotype was decreased in primary progressive (PP) versus relapsing-remitting (RR) patients in the Northern Irish population (OR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.018–1.09). Two-marker haplotype distribution of the VNTR and +33 C/T SNP in PP patients differed from that seen in RR patients in Northern Ireland (P = 0.03). The R allele of the Q551R SNP was significantly under-transmitted in the Belgian trio families (P = 0.003), although this effect was not seen in the Northern Irish and Basque data sets. We did not identify IL-4–IL4-R gene–gene interaction in determining susceptibility or clinical parameters of MS. Disease or genetic heterogeneity or both may be responsible for the observed lack of reproduction in different populations. Our data reinforce recent findings for a role of IL4-R in susceptibility to MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 32 (1990), S. 520-522 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain, white matter ; Brain, diseases ; Brain, MR studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The MR findings in an adult patient with globoid cell leucodystrophy (GLD) or Krabbe's disease are presented. MRI showed a bilateral periventricular hyperintensity of the parieto-occipital white matter on the T2-weighted images. A hyperintense signal was seen bilaterally along the corticospinal tract. There was no immediate nor delayed contrast enhancement. The MR findings in this case of GLD are rather atypical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 34 (1992), S. 490-493 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain, diseases ; Encephalitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in eight patients with herpes simplex meningoencephalitis were reviewed: 14 examinations were analysed. The most striking finding was high signal intensity in the temporal lobe(s) with the typical configuration known from CT. Meningeal enhancement after Gd-DTPA administration was clearly seen in four patients. Haemorrhagic changes are much better seen on MRI than on CT. When adequate motion control can be achieved, MRI becomes the examination of choice in the diagnosis and follow-up of herpes simplex encephalitis. Localized1H MR spectroscopy also proved promising in the study of neuronal loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 216 (1977), S. 197-205 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis ; Lymphocyte stimulation tests ; Basic protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lymphocytenstimulationsteste durch basisches Protein von Myelin wurden bei Patienten mit multipler Sklerose, mit anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen und bei Gesunden durchgeführt. Sowohl bei der multiplen Sklerose wie bei der Gruppe anderer neurologischer Erkrankungen wurde in etwa einem Drittel der Fälle eine Überempfindlichkeit auf basisches Protein festgestellt. Alle Gesunden, mit Ausnahme eines einzigen hatten negative Ergebnisse. Bei der MS-Gruppe war eine positive Korrelation zwischen dem Testergebnis und einigen Besonderheiten der Erkrankung festzustellen: Wesentlich mehr positive Ergebnisse wurden bei noch selbständigen Patienten gefunden mit einer kurzen Krankheitsdauer sowie bei solchen mit einer oligoklonalen Verteilung im Liquor. Es werden die eigenen Ergebnisse mit jenen der Literatur verglichen. Die mögliche Rolle des basischen Proteins in der Pathogenese der multiplen Sklerose und anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Lymphocyte stimulation tests with human basic protein of myelin were performed on patients with multiple sclerosis, with other neurological diseases and on normal subjects. In both MS and OND group, a hypersensitization to basic protein was seen in about one third of the cases. All normal subjects, except one, had negative responses. In the MS group, a positive correlation could be found with some features of the disease: significantly more positive responses were found in independent patients with a short duration of illness and in those with an oligoclonal distribution in the CSF. The authors compare their results with those of the literature. The possible role of BP in pathogeny of MS and OND is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 225 (1981), S. 119-133 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis ; Cyclophosphamide ; Immunosuppressive therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirksamkeit von kurzzeitiger intensiver Cyclophosphamid-Therapie bei 21 Multiple-Sklerose-Kranken wurde im Vergleich zu 21 Kranken mit ähnlichen Funktionsausfällen in einer retrospektiven Studie untersucht. Der Krankheitsverlauf wurde mit regelmäßigen Untersuchungen registriert und nach einem Punktsystem bewertet. Diese Ergebnisse wurden mit nicht-parametrisch statistischen Tests analysiert. Die mittlere Krankheitsprogression war während der Nachbeobachtungszeit von 24 Monaten in beiden Therapiegruppen niemals signifikant verschieden.
    Notes: Summary The effect of short-term intensive cyclophosphamide therapy upon 21 patients with moderately advanced multiple sclerosis is compared with a non-treated control group of 21 patients retrospectively matched for global disability. The progression of the disease was evaluated by regular disability scoring, and the results were analyzed by non-parametric statistical tests. No significant differences in the progression of the disability could be detected during a follow-up period of 2 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preparations of human leukocyte (α) and fibroblast (β) interferon were given intramuscularly to rabbits and monkeys, and circulating interferon was measured. In rabbits, but not in monkeys, a marked difference between the two interferons was noted in that higher titers of circulating antiviral activity were obtained with leukocyte than with fibroblast interferon. In mice, injected interperitoneally, a similar difference could be noted. However, levels of antiviral activity in homogenates of spleens and lungs did not differ between mice injected with either interferon. Fibroblast interferon that was injected intrathecally in monkeys was found to diffuse throughout the cerebrospinal canal and to reach the serum compartment. Some interferon could also be recovered from the pia mater surrounding the brain hemispheres, but none was found in the deeper layers of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Adult ceroid-lipofuscinosis ; Kufs' disease ; Retinal storage ; Visceral storage ; Muscle biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two brothers developed a neurological condition characterized by homochrony and homotypy: the first symptoms in both were generalized epileptic seizures, occurring at about the same age (30 years in the elder, 32 years in the younger), followed by a cerebellar syndrome with myoclonic jerks and some extrapyramidal symptoms. The elder of the two boys died at the age of 33 years. Histology showed extensive storage of ceroid-lipofuscin in the central nervous system (curvilinear bodies), in hepatocytes, in heart muscle and in the retina. In the younger boy, still living, a muscle biopsy (peroneal muscle) revealed accumulation of membrane-bound osmiophilic inclusions with curvilinear profiles. Retinal storage in Kufs' disease has never been documented. Muscle biopsy as a diagnostic tool for Kufs' disease has not been reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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