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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The treatment of patients with metastasizing melanoma, still one of the most deadly diseases in modern medicine, ranks among the greatest challenges that a clinician has to face. Metastatic melanoma also is one of the most profound sources of clinical frustration, since it provides far more ultimately defeating experiences than clinical victories. At the same time, the fascinating biology of melanoma has invited the study of this neuroectodermal tumor as a model system for dissecting many of the key problems of modern oncology, ranging from molecular oncogenesis via the controls of tumor proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis to tumor immunosurveillance and tumor drug resistance. Together with the dire need to develop more effective treatment modalities for improving both life expectancy and quality of life of affected patients, this has made metastatic melanoma a favorite model for the exploration of innovative strategies for tumor management. Encouragingly, many of these have already generated very promising results in animal models. However, this impressive level of research progress in conquering melanoma in the animal room contrasts rather pitifully with the actual progress made on the ward. This CONTROVERSIES feature, therefore, critically and soberly reviews the state of the art of treating metastatic melanoma today (distinguishing between nodal and distant metastases), and sharply defines unresolved or comparatively neglected key problems. In addition, this feature highlights several novel, provocative, hitherto underappreciated, yet potentially promising treatment approaches that deserve systematic exploration. Hopefully, this will offer further inspiration for the design and pursuit of innovative anti-melanoma strategies off-the-beaten-track.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression of class I and class II HLA antigens has been studied on primary and metastatic human melanomas, and on cell clones derived from the latter. A panel of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytofluorometric analysis were used to evaluate the presence of HLA-A, B, C and -DR, DQ antigens on freshly isolated tumour cells. HLA class I antigens were present on 91% and 93% of primary and metastatic tumours, respectively. Sixty per cent of primary and 50% of metastatic melanomas expressed HLA-DR antigens, whereas 38% and 21% of cases were positive for HLA-DQ. A marked heterogeneity was evident among primary and metastatic lesions for expression of class I and II antigens. Similiar findings were obtained by analysing the phenotype of melanoma clones which indicates that a marked antigenic heterogeneity for class I and II HLA antigens occurs even among clones isolated from short-term cultures of metastatic melanomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ultrasonics 6 (1968), S. 242-243 
    ISSN: 0041-624X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0165-4608
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 9 (1983), S. 347-354 
    ISSN: 0165-4608
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 44 (1990), S. 61-67 
    ISSN: 0165-4608
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0165-4608
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 16 (1992), S. 203-213 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La lymphadénectomie reste la décision thérapeutique la plus importante dans le traitement optimal d'un patient avec mélanome. En Australie et dans certaines régions des Etats Unis la majorité des patients ayant un mélanome d'épaisseur moyenne (1.6 à 4.0 mm) auront une lymphadénectomie élective. En Europe, la majorité des patients avec le même type de lésions aura seulement une excision locale élargie. L'attitude thérapeutique à adopter dépendra certainement des résultats de deux essais thérapeutiques randomisés et prospectifs pour confirmer ou infirmer la valeur de la lymphadénectomie élective. Il existe à l'heure actuelle beaucoup d'études non randomisées qui ne permettent pas de trancher, et seulement deux études randomisées en faveur de la lymphadénectomie mais qui restent criticables du point de vue méthodologique. Cet article résume les preuves et les opinions qui sont à la base de ce débat. Le clinicien qui a la responsabilité de cette décision thérapeutique importante se doit de la pendre en connaissance des résultats les plus scientifiquement étayés.
    Abstract: Resumen El papel de la disección ganglionar electiva (DGE) en el manejo del melanoma sigue siendo motivo de controversia; a pesar de múltiples trabajos relacionados con este tópico no se ha logrado un consenso a nivel mundial. Sin embaro, la decisión sobre remoción de los ganglios de drenaje linfático en un paciente con melanoma primario puede significar la vida o la muerte del paciente. En Australia y en algunas partes de los Estados Unidos la mayoría de los pacientes con melanomas de espesor intermedio (1.6–4.0 mm) es sometida a DGE; en Europa la mayoría de los pacientes con lesiones similares es tratada con resección local solamente. El desarrollo de una política unificada sobre disección ganglionar está a la espera de los resultados de dos estudios prospectivos y randomizados que corren en la actualidad para confirmar o negar la eficacia de la DGE. Estudios no randomizados que muestran un beneficio o que niegan tal beneficio están disponibles, pero los dos únicos estudios prospectivos y randomizados publicados hasta la fecha han sido motivo de crítica sobre bases metodológicas. El presente artículo resume la evidencia y las opiniones correspondientes a los dos aspectos del debate. El médíco responsable de tan importante decisión está sometido, todavía, a emprender o no la DGE con base en una perspectiva que se deriva de la mejor evidencia disponible y teniendo en cuenta las siguientes conclusiones: la DGE no logra mejores resultados que una disección ganglionar pospuesta hasta la aparición de metástasis ganglionares, especialmente en el caso de melanomas de la extremidades; existe correlación evidente entre la incidencia de metástasis ganglionares y el espesor del melanoma, y pacientes con melanomas 〉2.0 mm de espesor deben ser sometido a vigilancia especial por su alta propensión a las metástasis ganglionares; en los melanomas del tronco persiste la controversia sobre si la disección ganglionar debe hacer parte del tratamiento primario en lo relativo a pacientes masculinos, en quienes se recomienda que aquellos con estado I y melanomas 〉1.5 mm sean ingresados a estudios randomizados, por cuanto parece existir una pequeña ventaja con la DGE. En resumen, el manejo óptimo de los pacientes con melanoma en estado I debe ser la resección del tumor primario, controles clínicos cada 3 meses por 5 años con especial atención a los ganglios regionales y disección ganglionar en el momento de aparición de ganglios clínicamente afectados; las dos excepciones son los hombres con melanomas de espesor 〉1.5 mm, que deben ser ingresados a estudios randomizados, y los pacientes con melanomas de espesor 〉2.0 mm que no puedan ser sometidos a cuidadoso seguimiento, por su alto riesgo de desarrollar metástasis ganglionares inoperables.
    Notes: Abstract Node dissection for melanoma remains the most important therapeutic decision for the optimal management of the patient with melanoma. In Australia and in some parts of the United States, the majority of patients with intermediate thickness melanoma (1.6–4.00 mm) will undergo elective lymph node dissection. In Europe, the majority of patients with similar lesions are treated with wide local excision only. The development of an agreed policy for node dissection for melanoma awaits the results of 2 current, prospective randomized trials confirming or disproving the efficacy of elective lymph node dissection. Non-randomized studies showing a benefit or not showing a benefit are readily available but the only 2 prospective randomized studies published to date showing a benefit, have been criticized on methodologic grounds. This paper summarizes the evidence and opinions on both sides of this debate. The clinician charged with responsibility for this important decision must, as yet, make the decision to dissect lymph nodes on the basis of a perspective derived from the best available evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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