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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy-saving gait mechanics with head-supported loads (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 375 (1995), S. 52-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Luo women, from the western flatlands of Kenya, carry loads on the top of their heads in an upright posture, whereas the Kikuyu women, from the rugged central highlands, carry loads supported by a strap that is looped across their foreheads, in a forward-leaning posture, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375052a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Walking on Mars (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 393 (1998), S. 636-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sometime in the near future humans may walk in the reduced gravity of Mars. Gravity plays an essential role in walking. On Earth, the body uses gravity to ‘fall forwards’ at each step and then the forward speed is used to restore the initial height in a pendulum-like mechanism. When ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/31374
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetic cost of carrying loads: have African women discovered an economic way? (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 319 (1986), S. 668-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Five African women walked on a motorized treadmill at five different speeds; each woman carried the loads in her customary manner. During this activity we measured the rate of oxygen consumption of the women by the open-flow method2 in which air is drawn from a loose-fitting mask worn by the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/319668a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The resonant step frequency in human running (1997)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 434 (1997), S. 678-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Step frequency ; Running ; Muscle elasticity ; Efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  At running speeds less than about 13 km h–1 the freely chosen step frequency (f free) is lower than the frequency at which the mechanical power is minimized (f min). This dissociation between f free and f min was investigated by measuring mechanical power, metabolic energy expenditure and apparent natural frequency of the body’s bouncing system (f sist) during running at three given speeds with different step frequencies. The f free requires a mechanical power greater than that at f min mainly due to a larger vertical oscillation of the body at each step. Energy expenditure is minimal and the mechanical efficiency is maximal at f free. At a given speed, an increase in step frequency above f free results in an increase in energy expenditure despite a decrease in mechanical power. On the other hand, a decrease in step frequency below f free results in a larger increase in energy expenditure associated with an increase in mechanical power. When the step frequency is forced to values above or below f free, f sist is forced to change similarly by adjusting the stiffness of the bouncing system. However the best match between f sist and step frequency takes place only in proximity of f free (2.6–2.8 Hz). It is concluded that during running at speeds less than 13 km h–1 energy is saved by tuning step frequency to f sist, even if this requires a mechanical power larger than necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050451
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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