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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and structure of epitaxial ruthenium silicides on (111)Si (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2411-2414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial ruthenium silicides have been successfully grown on silicon for the first time. Chemical electroless plating of a Ru thin film on silicon with subsequent annealing is a new approach and also the first demonstration of epitaxial growth of these silicides. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to characterize phases of silicides, microstructure, and orientation relationships. Three different epitaxial phases were found and identified to be Ru2Si3, RuSi, and Ru2Si. RuSi and Ru2Si are two new phases discovered in comparison with those previously reported in thin film reactions. Furthermore, Ru2Si3 was found to be a stable phase at elevated temperatures since it can be transformed from Ru2Si and RuSi by sufficiently long annealing. Various diffraction patterns were analyzed and orientation relationships were determined. Moire's fringes of RuSi and interfacial dislocations of Ru2Si3 and Ru2Si were found. The average spacings were measured to be from 1000 to 4000 A(ring) for Ru2Si3/Si. The composition of the silicides was measured by scanning Auger electron spectroscopy and 2% phosphorus was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346500
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure evolution of newly developed electroless ruthenium deposition on silicon observed by scanning transmission electron microscope (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7848-7852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Autocatalytic Ruthenium thin films have been successfully deposited on silicon. The deposition reactions were proven to be electroless by the measurement of the electrochemical rest potentials of anodic and cathodic partial reactions and mixed potentials. A new method for direct observation of microstructure and formation at the initial stage of deposition has also been developed. The progressive formation and microstructure of ruthenium thin films during various growth stages have been investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Deposition takes place immediately after the n-type silicon is immersed in the electroless plating solution. The film was identified to be amorphous by the selected area electron diffraction analysis. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy method was utilized to explore the uniformity and morphology of the film as well as the Ru/Si interface. Accordingly, the deposition rate was also measured with a high precision nanometer. The microstructure evolution and significance in applications are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347517
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase formation and identification of an epitaxial Fe-Ni alloy silicide (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 154-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial iron-nickel alloy silicide has been successfully grown on (111) Si for the first time using a new method of chemically electroless plating of Fe-Ni thin films on Si with subsequent annealing schemes. The deposited film was found to be amorphous by analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy. The alloy silicide phase formed during two-step vacuum annealing and was found to have an epitaxial relationship with the substrate Si. The composition of the eptaxial alloy silicide was identified by an energy dispersive analysis for x rays in the electron microscope. A small amount of nickel was found in the alloy silicide. The crystal structure of the silicide phase was analyzed to be that of an orthorhombic phase of FeSi2. The orientation relationships of the silicide phase with respect to the substrate were identified to be (033¯) (Fe,Ni)Si2(parallel)(022¯) Si, (055) (Fe,Ni)Si2(parallel)(4¯22) Si, and [100] (Fe,Ni)Si2(parallel)[111] Si. Typical arrays of regular interfacial dislocations of edge type, 1000 A(ring) in spacing, were found throughout the epitaxial regions. The formation and some potential applications of the epitaxial Fe-Ni alloy silicide are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342561
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state epitaxy of osmium silicide on (111)Si under reducing atmosphere (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 3011-3013 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Under a mixed hydrogen/argon atmosphere epitaxial osmium silicide has been successfully grown on (111)Si for the first time. A new process of electroless deposited osmium film on Si subsequent with a suitable two-step hydrogen annealing scheme was developed for the formation of epitaxial osmium silicide. Polycrystalline silicides of Os2Si3 and OsSi2 were found in all cases of single annealing, and the grain size increased with annealing temperature. While in the developed two-step annealing scheme single-crystalline silicide can form; the first step annealing was found to be critical to determine epitaxy. The epitaxial silicide was identified to be OsSi2 of orthorhombic structure. The orientation relationships between epitaxial OsSi2 and Si were found to be (040)OsSi2(parallel)(22¯0)Si, and [102¯] OsSi2(parallel) [111] Si.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344185
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association between bronchodilating response to short-acting β-agonist and non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms of β2-adrenoceptor gene (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background With β-agonists being the most widely used agents in the treatment of asthma, in vitro studies reported that β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) polymorphisms are associated with agonist-promoted down-regulation.Objective The present population-based study aimed to evaluate the association between bronchodilating response to inhaled short-acting β-agonist and two non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADRB2 (ADRB2-16 and ADRB2-27).Methods Two hundred and nine children with reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s of more than 20% on methacholine bronchial challenge underwent bronchodilating response testing 5 min after the inhalation of 200 μg of albuterol. Of these 209, 195 gave peripheral blood for genotyping of ADRB2 polymorphisms.Results The bronchodilating response was significantly higher in subjects with the homozygous Arg16 than in those with the homozygous Gly16. It was further demonstrated that haplotype pairs of the homozygous Arg16Gln27 and of the heterozygous Arg16Gln27/Gly16Glu27 showed the highest bronchodilating responses, and the haplotype pairs of the homozygous Gly16Gln27 the lowest response. As a whole, the bronchodilating response was more positively associated with the combined quantity of Arg16 and Glu27 polymorphisms than with that of Arg16 alone.Conclusion Non-synonymous SNPs of ADRB2 at codons 16 and 27 is significantly associated with bronchodilating response to inhaled short acting β-agonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02319.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of environmental exposure to spider mites in the sensitization and the clinical manifestation of asthma and rhinitis in children and adolescents living in rural and urban areas (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Spider mites such as the citrus red mite and the two-spotted spider mite have been demonstrated to be important allergens for fruit cultivating farmers.Objective To evaluate the role of environmental exposure to spider mites in the sensitization and the clinical manifestations of asthma and rhinitis in children and adolescents living in urban and rural areas.Methods A total of 16 624 subjects (aged 7 to 18 years) living in urban (metropolitan and non-metropolitan) and rural areas (apple orchards and citrus orchards) in Korea were evaluated by questionnaire and skin prick test for 11 common aeroallergens, including citrus red mite (CRM) and two-spotted spider mite (TSM).Results The positive skin response rates to TSM were 4.2% of 1563 metropolitan subjects, 3.8% of 5568 non-metropolitan subjects and 6.5% of 1464 subjects living nearby apple farms, and that to CRM 15.6% of 8029 living nearby citrus farms. The prevalence of current wheeze and rhinitis as reported on a questionnaire was higher among those with a history of visiting fruit farms once or more per year than among those without it (10% vs. 7.1%, 32.8% vs. 26.7%, for wheezing and rhinitis, respectively). Among those with wheezing or rhinitis, the positive skin responses to TSM or CRM were also higher among those with a history of visiting fruit farms than among those without one (11.2% vs. 6.6%, 13.0% vs. 6.6%, respectively), although the positive skin responses to house dust mites were similar in the both groups.Conclusion Spider mites are common sensitizing allergens in children and adolescents exposed to them, and environmental exposure to these mites may represent an important risk factor in the sensitization and the clinical manifestations of asthma and rhinitis in children and adolescents living in rural and urban areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01478.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High prevalence of current asthma and active smoking effect among the elderly (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Although asthma is a common cause of morbidity in adults, relatively few objectively measured population studies of asthma prevalence in adult populations have been conducted.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of asthma, based on both a questionnaire and methacholine bronchial provocation test, and to determine the risk factors of asthma prevalence in an adult population.Methods A total of 2467 adults, who were randomly selected from metropolitan urban, non-metropolitan urban and rural areas, responded to the modified ISAAC questionnaire, and underwent methacholine bronchial provocation tests and skin prick tests to locally common aeroallergens.Results The prevalence of current asthma based on the questionnaire and the methacholine challenge was 2.0% in adults younger than 40, 3.8% in 40- to 54-year-olds, 7.7% in 55- to 64-year-olds and 12.7% in those aged 65 or higher. For subjects of 55–64 years, active smoking was found to be significantly related with the prevalence of current asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness, although smoking was positively associated with percentage predictive value of forced expiratory volume of 1 s (FEV1).Conclusion The prevalence of current asthma is common among the elderly, and active smoking may play an important role in the development of asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness among the elderly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01524.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHARACTERISTICS OF PECTINS ISOLATED FROM SOFT AND FIRM FLESHED PEACH VARIETIES (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 38 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pectins obtained from ripe and unripe samples of Elberta (melting fleshed variety) and Babygold 6 (firm fleshed variety) peaches had methoxyl levels ranging from 11.4–12.1% and anhydrogalacturonic acid levels between 84–90%. The apparent molecular weight of the pectin from ripe Elberta peaches was very low compared with that of the other samples, resulting in a low breaking pressure of jelly prepared with this sample. Jelly grades ranged between 102–123 and it is suggested that these low values were a result of the presence of acetyl groups present in peach pectins and their relatively low apparent molecular weights and high methoxyl levels
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1973.tb02834.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization and nucleotide sequence of carp gonadotropin α subunit genes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Gene Structure and Expression 1129 (1992), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4781
    Keywords: (Cyprinus carpio) ; Glycoprotein hormone ; Intron-exon boundary ; Molecular evolution ; Recombinant DNA
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4781(92)90496-M
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mode of action of carp gonadotropin on the stimulation of androgen production by carp testis in vitro
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 48 (1982), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(82)90011-9
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