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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 681-689 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Plant growth regulators ; Potentiometric pH titration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ternäre Komplexe von Co(II), Ni(II) und Cu(II) mit Pyridin (Py) oder 2-Methylpyridin (2-Me Py) als Primärliganden und einigen Herbiziden vom Phenoxyessigsäure-Typ [Phenoxyessigsäure (PAA), 2-Chlor-PAA (2-CPA), 2,4-Dichlor-PAA (2,4-D) und 2,4,5-Trichlor-PAA (2,4,5-T)] als Sekundärliganden wurden im Hinblick auf eine Komplexierungshypothese der pflanzenwuchssteuernden Wirkung dieser Herbizide mittels potentiometrischerpH-Titration untersucht. Aus den Stabilitätskonstanten wurden die Anteile der einzelnen Spezien in Lösung berechnet. Dabei wurden 60% an ternärem Komplex (MAL) — bezogen auf die totaleM 2−-Menge — bei hohenpH-Werten festgestellt und damit die größere Stabilität dieser Komplexe gezeigt. DieMA +-Spezies (M 2+-Py undM 2+-MePy) zeigte ein unterschiedliches Verhalten gegenüber dem nächsten chelierenden Liganden mit O als Donor. Da die Stabilitäten der biologisch aktiven (2-CPA, 2,4-D und2,4,5,-T) und inaktiven (PAA) Liganden in binären (ML 2) und ternären (MAL) Metallkomplexen in der gleichen Größenordnung liegen, scheint die Komplexierung bei der Regulierung des Pflanzenwuchses bei diesen Herbiziden kein entscheidender Faktor zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract Ternary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with pyridine (Py) or 2-methyl pyridine (2-MePy) (primary ligand) and some phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, such as phenoxyacetic acid (PAA), 2-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (2-CPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (secondary ligands) have been studied in solution using a potentiometricpH-titration technique in order to test a complexation hypothesis of plant growth regulating activities of these herbicides. From stability constant data, the species distribution have been computed and it was found that the percentage of ternary complex (MAL) is about 60% of the totalM 2+ present at highpH indicating greater stability of these ternary complexes. TheMA + species (M 2+-Py andM 2+-2-MePy) have shown discriminating behaviour towards the next incoming secondary ligand containing O as donor atoms. Since the stabilities of biologically active (2-CPA, 2,4-D and2,4,5-T) and inactive (PAA) phenoxyacetic acid herbicides in binary (ML 2) and ternary (MAL) metal complexes were found approximately of the same magnitude, chelation may not thus be the probable mode of action of these plant growth regulators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1565-1568 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of warping displacement functions for the torsional stiffness representation of beams with rectangular cross-sections is studied. These functions can directly be employed in the displacement-based formulation of Hermitian and isoparametric three-dimensional beam elements for linear, elastic-plastic or large displacement/large rotation analysis. the results of some studies are given to demonstrate the applicability and use of the proposed functions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 65-88 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A solution procedure for the analysis of planar and axisymmetric-contact- problems involving sticking, frictional sliding and separation under large deformations is presented. The contact conditions are imposed using the total potential of the contact forces with the geometric compatibility conditions, which leads to contact system matrices and force vectors. Some key aspects of the procedure are the contact matrices, the use of distributed tractions on the contact segments for deciding whether a node is sticking, sliding or releasing and the evaluation of the nodal point contact forces. The solutions to various sample problems are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 1967-1986 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A state-space model for representing the non-linear material deformation and an optimal control scheme for obtaining desired process conditions in the deforming material are presented in this paper. The formulation is general for various metal-forming processes including forging and extrusion operations. The state variables selected in the formulation are the die/billet contact nodal velocities and the nodal velocities of the critical finite elements of the billet. The control input is the ram velocity, which is determined by using the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) theory to maintain desired strain rates within the selected finite elements. The influence of an optimally designed ram velocity on the deforming material is studied using performance measures. This paper includes the development of the state-space model from non-linear finite element formulation, optimal control strategy and numerical example cases with discussions.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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