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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 7053-7060 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The relativistic multiresonator magnetron is analyzed in full cylindrical geometry, using the two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation code magic. Detailed comparisons are made between the simulation results and the classic experiments by Palevsky and Bekefi for the relativistic A6 magnetron configuration [Phys. Fluids 22, 986 (1979)]. The computer simulations show the same dependence of microwave power on axial magnetic field as measured in the experiment. It is found that the electron flow in the preoscillation regime differs substantially from ideal Brillouin flow, and that the nonlinear regime is characterized by large-amplitude spoke formation. By analyzing a class of relativistic magnetrons for a wide range of operating voltage and axial magnetic field, it is found that the optimal microwave power exhibits an approximately cubic dependence on the applied diode voltage. Moreover, the simulations indicate that relativistic magnetrons with small aspect ratio oscillate predominantly in the π mode, whereas magnetrons with large aspect ratio can oscillate in various modes which depend upon the system parameters. Finally, it is shown that a finite power-supply impedance can strongly modify the resonance condition, thereby significantly degrading the magnetron performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2674-2686 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A test-particle model is used to investigate the charged-particle dynamics in an intense matched ion beam with nonuniform density profile propagating through an alternating-gradient quadrupole focusing field in the space-charge-dominated regime. It is shown that self-field nonlinearities due to the transverse nonuniformity in the beam density profile not only can result in chaotic ion motion but also can cause halo formation by the ejection of particles from the beam core. The structure of the particle phase space is studied. It is shown that the process of halo formation can occur on a fast time scale—on the order of a few lattice periods. The halo size is found to be determined by a Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) surface on a time scale much shorter than that of Arnold diffusion. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 3303-3310 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cold-fluid magnetohydrodynamics equilibrium equations are solved for an infinite aspect-ratio, electron spiral torus (EST). The electrons follow approximately azimuthal orbits outside an interior ion cloud. The ion mass is assumed finite, and both electrons and ions are assumed collisionless. It is found that self-organized solutions for the electron shell and the ions exist when the EST is immersed in a neutral gas. The ion flow velocity profile is not rigid rotor. Examples of two different electron densities are examined. In each example, solutions exist for neutral gas pressure p above a critical level pc and are independent of an applied axial magnetic field. For the low-density example, the critical neutral pressure corresponds to the value observed in experiments. The equilibrium ion rotational flow velocity and self-magnetic field scale as p1/2. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 1422-1430 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The azimuthally invariant cold-fluid equilibrium is obtained for a periodic, strongly bunched charged annular beam with an arbitrary radial density profile inside of a perfectly conducting cylinder and an externally applied uniform magnetic field. The self-electric and self-magnetic fields, which are utilized in the equilibrium solution, are computed self-consistently using an electrostatic Green's function technique and a Lorentz transformation to the longitudinal rest frame of the beam. An upper bound on the maximum value of an effective self-field parameter for the existence of a bunched annular beam equilibrium is obtained. As an application of the bunched annular beam equilibrium theory, it is shown that the Los Alamos National Laboratory relativistic klystron amplifier experiment is operating slightly above the effective self-field parameter limit, and a discussion of why this may be the cause for their observed beam loss and microwave pulse shortening is presented. The existence of bunched annular beam equilibria is also demonstrated for two other high-power microwave (HPM) experiments, the relativistic klystron oscillator experiment at Air Force Research Laboratory and the backward wave oscillator experiment at the University of New Mexico. In general, the results of the equilibrium analysis will be useful in the determination of the stability properties of strongly bunched annular beams in HPM devices. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 167-170 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Pierce-type dispersion relation is derived for the interaction of an intense relativistic electron beam with a cylindrical slow-wave structure of arbitrary corrugation depth. It is shown that near a resonance, the Pierce parameter can be expressed in terms of the vacuum dispersion function and the beam current. The dispersion relation is valid in both the low-current (Compton) regime and the high-current (Raman) regime. The dispersion characteristics of the interaction, such as the linear instability growth rate and bandwidth, are analyzed for both regimes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 5206-5213 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nonrelativistic motion is analyzed for a highly bunched beam propagating through a perfectly conducting cylindrical pipe confined radially by a constant magnetic field parallel to the conductor axis. In the present analysis, the beam is treated as either a thin rod distribution representing a continuous (unbunched) beam or periodic collinear point charges representing a highly bunched beam. Use is made of a Green's function to compute the electrostatic force on the beam due to the induced surface charge in the conductor wall. By analyzing the Hamiltonian dynamics, a criterion is derived for the confinement of unbunched and bunched beams. It is shown that for the confinement of beams with the same charge per unit length, the maximum value of the effective self-field parameter is 2ωp2/ωc2≅2a/L for a highly bunched beam with a(very-much-less-than)L. This value is significantly lower than the Brillouin density limit for an unbunched beam 2ωp2/ωc2=1. Here, a is the radius of the conducting cylinder, and L is the periodic spacing of the bunches. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 1328-1337 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Hamiltonian for a test particle is used to study the two-dimensional transverse particle dynamics in a non-neutral charged particle beam propagating through a periodic quadrupole focusing field. The self-electric and self-magnetic fields produced by the beam space charge and current are taken into account. The Lie point-symmetry group method and Noether's theorem are applied to study the integrability of the equations of motion. It is concluded that the particle orbits are regular only for the case of a uniform density beam, and become chaotic when the beam density is nonuniform. Numerical computations, including Poincaré surface-of-section plots and Lyapunov exponents, have been performed to confirm the analytical results. A new numerical scheme, called the numerical irreversibility method, is proposed as an alternative approach to determine the integrability of Hamiltonian systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3647-3657 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Test particle motion is analyzed analytically and numerically in the field configuration consisting of the equilibrium self-electric and self-magnetic fields of a well-matched, thin, continuous, intense charged-particle beam and an applied periodic focusing solenoidal magnetic field. The self fields are determined self-consistently, assuming the beam to have a uniform-density, rigid-rotor Vlasov equilibrium distribution. Using the Hamilton–Jacobi method, the betatron oscillations of test particles in the average self fields and applied focusing field are analyzed, and the nonlinear resonances induced by periodic modulations in the self fields and applied field are determined. The Poincaré surface-of-section method is used to analyze numerically the phase-space structure for test particle motion outside the outermost envelope of the beam over a wide range of system parameters. For vacuum phase advance σv=80°, it is found that the phase-space structure is almost entirely regular at low beam intensity (phase advance σ(approximately-greater-than)70°, say), whereas at moderate beam intensity (30°(approximately-less-than)σ(approximately-less-than)70°), nonlinear resonances appear, the most pronounced of which is the third-order primary nonlinear resonance. As the beam intensity is further increased (σ(approximately-less-than)30°), the widths of the higher-order nonlinear resonances increase, and the chaotic region of phase space increases in size. Furthermore, the many chaotic layers associated with the separatrices of the primary and secondary nonlinear resonances are still divided by the remaining invariant Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser surfaces, even at very high beam intensities. The implications of the rich nonlinear resonance structure and chaotic particle motion found in the present test-particle studies are discussed in the context of halo formation. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3107-3110 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The mechanism of conversion from the kinetic energy of electron beams to electromagnetic wave energy is investigated in the two-stream amplifier. It is shown that the optimal efficiency of the amplifier scales according to ΔV/V for relativistic electron beams and (ΔV/V)2 for nonrelativistic electron beams, where ΔV is the axial velocity difference in the two beams and V is the mean axial beam velocity. This scaling law not only explains intrinsically low efficiencies ((approximately-less-than)5%) observed in numerous nonrelativistic two-stream amplifier experiments, but also predicts that the optimal efficiency of a relativistic two-stream amplifier is typically greater than that of a nonrelativistic two-stream amplifier by one order of magnitude. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1271-1273 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The relativistic multiresonator magnetron is analyzed in cylindrical geometry, using the two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation code magic. Detailed comparisons are made between the simulation results and the experiments by A. Palevsky and G. Bekefi [Phys. Fluids 22, 986 (1979)] using the A6 magnetron configuration. Within a constant scale factor, the computer simulations show a similar dependence of microwave power on magnetic field, with dominant excitations in the π and 2π modes. In the preoscillation regime, the electron flow in the simulations differs substantially from the ideal Brillouin flow model. In the nonlinear regime, the saturation is dominated by the formation of spokes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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