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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbiological transformations. 27. The first examples for preparative-scale enantioselective or diastereoselective epoxide hydrolyses using microorganisms. An unequivocal access to all four bisabolol stereoisomers (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 58 (1993), S. 5528-5532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00072a043
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of orbital momentum profiles of methylpropane (isobutane) by binary (e,2e) spectroscopy (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 882-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Momentum profiles of the valence orbitals of methylpropane, also known as isobutane (CH3CH(CH3)CH3), have been studied by using a high resolution binary (e,2e) electron momentum spectrometer (EMS), at an impact energy of 1200 eV plus the binding energy, and using symmetric noncoplanar kinematics. The coincidence energy resolution of the EMS spectrometer is 0.95 eV full width at half-maximum. The experimental momentum profiles of the valence orbitals are compared with the theoretical momentum distributions calculated using Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods with the two basis sets of 6-31G and 6-311++G**. The B3LYP functionals are used for the DFT calculations. In general, the experimental momentum distributions are well described by the HF and DFT calculations. The pole strengths of the main ionization peaks from the orbitals in the inner valence are estimated. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1321313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY INCREASES INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The authors studied the influence of vitamin A deficiency on immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity as well as granulocyte-mediated inflammatory reactions in vitamin A depleted and control rats. The number of circulating leucocytes was 43% higher in the vitamin A deficient than in the control animals. The leucocytosis was a result of a general increase of white blood cells and was not due to an increase in one particular type. The ratio between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was unchanged. The vitamin A deficient rats had a four times higher T-cell proliferative response and a two times higher interferon-γ production in vitro than the control animals. In accordance, the DTH reaction was consistently higher in the vitamin A deficient rats. The granulocyte dependent inflammation, induced by olive oil injection, was also strongly enhanced in the vitamin A deficient rats compared with the controls. In addition, the spontaneous release of nitric oxide from the peritoneal phagocytes was five times higher in the vitamin A deficient animals. The number of peritoneal mast cells was about one and a half times higher in the vitamin A deficient than in the control animals. The density of IgE-receptors on the mast cells, the IgE receptor occupancy and the histamine release from the mast cells did not differ between the groups, however. The vitamin A deficient immunized rats displayed a consistently stronger immediate skin reaction after intracutaneous antigen injection than the immunized control rats, despite lower IgE antibody levels. The skin reaction after intracutaneous injection of histamine was also significantly greater in the deficient animals. Despite the stronger reaction to antigen and histamine, the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction was lower in the vitamin A deficient rats. In conclusion the study shows that vitamin A deficiency aggravates the clinical manifestations of inflammatory reactions. Thus, vitamin A deficiency might lead to a higher risk of acquiring irreversible tissue damage and disabling destruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-351.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired CD40-Signalling in CD19-Deficient Mice Selectively Affects Th2-Dependent Isotype Switching (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Activation of B lymphocytes involves binding of antigen to the specific receptor and signalling through several membrane coreceptors, of which CD19 has been found to play a pivotal role as a response regulator. Although previous studies in CD19 gene knockout mice have demonstrated that antibody responses to T-cell-dependent antigens are strongly impaired in the absence of this coreceptor, little is known about the consequences of CD19 deficiency for the interaction between T and B cells. Here we report that Th2 co-ordinated B-cell differentiation is selectively impaired in CD19-deficient mice in response to mucosal or systemic immunizations or following an intestinal infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Whereas immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 or IgE antibody responses were low or absent, IgG2a responses were normal. The selective defect was not caused by a poor Th2-development or interleukin (IL)-4 responsiveness in CD19-deficient mice. Rather, it was the result of an impaired Th2–B cell interaction, owing to a substantially reduced ability to signal via CD40 in CD19-deficient B cells. Thus, our study in CD19-deficient mice suggests that CD40L–CD40-interactions are more important for Th2 than for Th1 co-ordinated B-cell differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00824.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hamaker-constant calculations and surface melting of metals, semimetals and semiconductors (1991)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 919-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces ; Phase transitions and critical phenomena ; Solid-fluid interfaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Surface melting is strongly influenced by the interaction between the solid-liquid interface and the liquid-vapour interface. Unretarded electromagnetic dispersion forces yield a potential of the formH/l 2, wherel is the distance between the interfaces (thickness of the quasi-liquid film) andH is the appropriate Hamaker constant. We have adopted the well-known treatment of dispersion forces of Lifshitzet al., where the frequency-dependent conductivities of solid and liquid are the primary quantities for the calculation of this Hamaker constant. Using the dielectric functions obtained from experimental data, numerical values forH are obtained for Al, Pb, Au, Bi and Ge. The Hamaker constant of the metals is found to be positive and is discussed in connection with recent experimental data on surface melting, particularly of Pb(110) and Al(110). The Hamaker constants of Bi (semimetal) and Ge (semiconductor) are negative, allowing at most blocked surface melting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457179
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgE receptor expression and IgE content on mast cells of normal, growing rats (1993)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 38 (1993), S. C230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A cytofluorometric method was used to measure the number of IgE receptors available for binding and the native IgE content on microscopically identified peritoneal mast cells of Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 to 25 weeks. During this period of growth, the mast cells increased progressively in size, granule mass and histamine content, but the number of IgE receptors did not increase in relation to body weight or age, although it varied greatly within the mast cell populations of individual rats as well as between the different rats. The peritoneal mast cells of these normal, naive, specific pathogen-free rats raised under controlled conditions and without signs of infections, were found to carry a significant number of IgE molecules of unknown specificity. The IgE content varied greatly among the individual mast cells within a given population, but, on average, as much as 74% of the receptors available for binding were occupied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01996469
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic influence on immune responses to an N. brasiliensis infection: Surface expression and occupancy of IgE receptors and histamine releasability of mast cells (1997)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 46 (1997), S. 17-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050026
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratification of boiling two-phase flow in a single horizontal channel (1995)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 30 (1995), S. 187-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Studie ist es, auf experimentellem Weg das Schichtungsphänomen in einem gleichförmig beheizten Horizontalkanal zu untersuchen. Die Schichtenbildung bei Zweiphasenströmung infolge Schwerkrafteinfluß und das hieraus resultierende thermohydraulische Verhalten wurden im Stationärbetrieb durch Messung von 16 Oberseiten- und 16 Unterseitentemperaturen analysiert. Es ließen sich sechs ausgezeichnete Wandtemperaturprofile feststellen, deren zugehörige Strömungsformmuster diskutiert werden. Eine dimensionslose Kennzahl wurde formuliert, deren Wertebereichen sich die verschiedenen Muster eindeutig zuordnen lassen.
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate experimentally the stratification phenomena of boiling two-phase flow in a uniformly heated horizontal channel. Two-phase flow stratification due to gravity effects, and consequently its thermal and hydrodynamic behavior, under steady state conditions, have been determined by measuring 16 top and 16 bottom wall temperatures. Six distinct wall temperature profiles are found, and the corresponding flow patterns are discussed. A dimensionless number has been formulated for the prediction of the occurrence of different flow patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476529
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratification of boiling two-phase flow in a single horizontal channel (1995)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 30 (1995), S. 187-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Studie ist es, auf experimentellem Weg das Schichtungsphänomen in einem gleichförmig beheizten Horizontalkanal zu untersuchen. Die Schichtenbildung bei Zweiphasenströmung infolge Schwerkrafteinfluß und has hieraus resultierende thermohydraulische Verhalten wurden im Stationärbetrieb durch Messung von 16 Oberseiten-und 16 Unterseitentemperaturen analysiert. Es ließen sich sechs ausgezeichnete Wandtemperaturprofile feststellen, deren zugehörige Strömungsformmuster diskutiert werden. Eine dimensionslose Kennzahl wurde formuliert, deren Wertebereichen sich die verschiedenen Muster eindeutig zuordnen lassen.
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate experimentally the stratification phenomena of boiling two-phase flow in a uniformly heated horizontal channel. Two-phase flow stratification due to gravity effects, and consequently its thermal and hydrodynamic behavior, under steady state conditions, have been determined by measuring 16 top and 16 bottom wall temperatures. Six distinct wall temperature profiles are found, and the corresponding flow patterns are discussed. A dimensionless number has been formulated for the prediction of the occurrence of different flow patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476529
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9 is not required for viability of the petite-negative yeast Kluyveromyces lactis (1997)
    Springer
    Current genetics 31 (1997), S. 488-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsATP9 and LSU introns ; Recombination ; ATP synthase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Specific mutations in nuclear MGI genes encoding the α, β and γ subunits of the mitochondrial inner membrane F1-ATPase complex allow mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to be lost from K. lactis. In the absence of a mutation in any of these three nuclear genes, loss of mtDNA is lethal. These results imply that mtDNA encodes a gene that is essential. Likely candidates for such an essential role are the ATP6, 8 and 9 genes coding for proteins of the ATP synthase-F0 component. The present study removes ATP9 from contention as a vital mitochondrial gene because in a respiratory deficient mutant, Gly– 3.9, lacking a nuclear mgi mutation, we have found that a rearrangement in mtDNA has deleted 22 amino acids from the carboxy terminus of the 75 amino-acid subunit-9 protein. Rearrangement in mtDNA has occurred by recombination at a 23-bp repeated sequence in the introns of the ATP9 and large ribosomal RNA (LSU) subunit genes. These two introns, of 394 (ATP9) and 410 (LSU) nucleotides, both belong to group 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050234
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