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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential induction of adrenomedullin, interleukins and tumour necrosis factor-αby lipopolysaccharide in rat tissues in vivo (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The aim of the present study was to determine the temporal changes in tissue adrenomedullin (AM) and cytokine contents and cytokine and preproAM mRNA levels in the kidney, liver, adrenal gland and spleen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rats.2. Rats were injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Radioimmunoassay and solution hybridization–RNase protection assays were used to follow the changes in AM and its mRNA levels, respectively; ELISA and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction were used to follow the changes in cytokines and their mRNA levels, respectively.3. In the kidney, the preproAM mRNA levels were increased 1 and 3 h after LPS treatment, whereas AM levels were decreased at 3 h. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β levels were increased at 3 and 6 h, respectively.4. The preproAM mRNA levels were elevated in the liver 3 h after LPS injection. Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β were increased at l and 6 h, respectively.5. There were no changes in the levels of either preproAM mRNA or AM in the adrenal gland and the spleen. In the spleen, TNF-α levels were elevated at 1 and 3 h after LPS injection and IL-1β was elevated at 1 and 6 h after LPS injection, whereas in the adrenal gland IL-1β was elevated at 6 h after injection.6. The mRNA levels of the three cytokines were elevated at all three time intervals examined in the kidney, liver, adrenal gland and spleen, with the exception that TNF-α mRNA was not elevated in the adrenal gland at 6 h after LPS injection and IL-1β mRNA was not elevated in the spleen at 3 and 6 h.7. The plasma concentrations of TNF-α were increased at 1 and 3 h after LPS injection, whereas plasma concentration of IL-1β and IL-6 were elevated at 3 and 6 h for both.8. The present results suggest that the biosynthesis and secretion of AM may be differentially regulated in various tissues of rats injected with LPS and that AM may interact with cytokines during inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04307.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison Of Digoxin Versus Low-Dose Amiodarone For Ventricular Rate Control In Patients With Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Rapid ventricular rate (VR) and rhythm irregularity during atrial fibrillation (AF) impair cardiac performance. Although digoxin has been widely used in patients with AF, its efficacy for the control of VR and rhythm irregularity is unsatisfactory. Whether low-dose amiodarone is more effective remains unclear.2. We randomized 16 patients (13 male, three female; mean (±SD) age 63 ± 9 years) with chronic AF to receive either digoxin or amiodarone for 24 weeks. At baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks follow up, Holter monitor recording and cardiopulmonary exercise test were performed to assess VR and rhythm irregularity control and exercise capacity.3. Seven and nine patients received digoxin and amiodarone, respectively. After 12 and 24 weeks treatment, both digoxin and amiodarone significantly decreased the mean ambulatory VR and the VR during peak exercise compared with baseline (all P 〈 0.05). At 24 weeks, there were no significant differences between digoxin and amiodarone in the percentage reduction in VR during ambulatory (27 ± 13 vs 25 ± 12%, respectively; P = 0.8) and peak exercise (13 ± 12 vs 12 ± 10%%, respectively; P = 0.6).4. The rhythm irregularity, as measured by SD of RR intervals and the root mean square of the SD of RR intervals, and the exercise capacity, as measured by exercise workload, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2), minute ventilation, ventilatory equivalent and oxygen pulse, were not significantly changed after treatment with digoxin or amiodarone (all P 〉 0.05).5. Quality of life, determined by SF-36 questionnaire, and AF symptomatology, as measured by the AF Symptom Checklist, were also not significantly changed after treatment with digoxin or amiodarone (all P 〉 0.05).6. In conclusion, digoxin and low-dose amiodarone had similar efficacy in the control of VR during ambulatory activity and exercise. However, both were less efficacious during exercise and did not significantly affect rhythm irregularity, exercise capacity, quality of life and AF symptomatology in patients with chronic AF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03454.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IS RELATED TO DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN HYPERTENSION (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration is elevated in patients with essential hypertension and normal systolic function. This may be related to left ventricular hypertrophy or diastolic dysfunction, both of which commonly occur in hypertension.2. Echocardiography was performed on 32 patients with newly diagnosed untreated mild-to-moderate hypertension (19 men, 13 women; mean±SD age 51±15 years; diastolic blood pressure 99±12mmHg; systolic blood pressur. 153.2±18.0 mmHg; plasma creatinine 86±15 μmol/L; creatinine clearance 92.2±20.5 mL/min; left ventricular mass index 116±28 g/m2; left ventricular ejection fraction 66±9%). A 15 mL peripheral venous blood sample was obtained at the time of echocardiography for radioimmunoassay of BNP.3. Sixteen patients had abnormal Doppler transmitral flow (E/A rati. 〈 1) and a higher median plasma BNP concentration compared with those patients with E/A ≥1 (12.9 vs 5.9 pmol/L, respectively; P = 0.006). The plasma BNP level correlated significantly with E/A ratio (r = -0.50; P = 0.035). Multivariate analysis showed that the E/A ratio is related to plasma BNP, independent of age and blood pressure.4. Our results suggest that the plasma BNP level is influenced by diastolic dysfunction. Further studies are needed to determine whether assay of plasma BNP helps to identify patients with diastolic dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02729.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DECREASE WITH AGE IN FREQUENCY OF THE HOMOZYGOUS DELETIONAL ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENOTYPE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes in hypertensive patients were studied in order to delineate their cardiovascular risk due to the ACE gene. We hypothesized that the distribution of ACE genotypes may change with age because of the risk of myocardial infarction associated with the homozygous deletional (DD) genotype. 2. A total of 223 subjects were recruited from the Hypertension Outpatient Clinic of the Sai Ying Pun Hospital with consent. They consisted of 75 patients with newly diagnosed or documented hypertension, 46 patients with ischaemic heart disease and 102 normal controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leucocytes and amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Insertion (I) or deletion (D) alleles were identified after electrophoresis. The frequencies of ACE genotypes and alleles were measured in three age groups: 〈 50 years, 50-59 years and 〉 60 years. 3. A significant correlation between ACE genotype and age was found (P= 0.03). The relative frequency of the D allele in those under 50 years of age was similar in controls and hypertensive patients (0.40 vs 0.41; P = 0.94), but was significantly lower in patients ≥ 50 years compared with those patients 〈 50 years of age (0.22 vs 0.41; P = 0.01). 4. The observed decrease in frequency of the DD genotype in older hypertensive patients is consistent with the increase in cardiovascular risk associated with the D allele and raises the possibility that the DD genotype may increase the risk of premature death, at least in the population studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02345.x
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