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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accelerated Aging in 3-mol%-Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Ceramics Sintered in Reducing Conditions (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aging behavior of 3-mol%-yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (3Y-TZP) ceramics sintered in air and in reducing conditions was investigated at 140°C in water vapor. It was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that 3Y-TZP samples sintered in reducing conditions exhibited significantly higher tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation than samples with similar density and average grain size values but obtained by sintering in air. This fact is explained by the increase of the oxygen vacancy concentration and by the presence at the grain boundary region of a new aggregate phase formed because of the exolution of Fe2+ ions observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07505.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural Investigation of the Aging Behavior of (3Y-TZP)–Al2O3 Composites (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The low-temperature autoclave aging behavior of zirconia-toughened alumina composites processed by a classical powder mixing processing route was analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The transformation was evaluated in terms of nucleation and growth, assessed by XRD. The time–temperature equivalency of the transformation was used to measure an apparent activation energy of the nucleation stage of the transformation of 78 kJ/mol. The microstructural features influencing the transformation were identified, and the influence of the alumina matrix on the transformation was investigated. Transformation progression grain by grain was observed by AFM. Transformation does not only occur in zirconia agglomerates but also in isolated zirconia grains. The matrix could partially inhibit the transformation. This behavior could be rationalized considering the constraining effect of the alumina matrix, shape strain accommodation arguments, and microstructural homogeneity effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00221.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow-Crack-Growth Behavior of Zirconia-Toughened Alumina Ceramics Processed by Different Methods (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study of slow-crack propagation in zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics is presented. Different ZTA composites, using either unstabilized or yttria-stabilized zirconia, have been tested. The materials were prepared in the range 0–15 vol% ZrO2, using two processing methods: powder mixing and a modified colloidal route. Crack propagation tests have been conducted for crack velocities from 10−12 to 10−2 m/s by means of a double-torsion method. The influence of the processing conditions and compositions on the microstructures and the effect of these microstructures on the slow-crack-growth behavior have been studied. The option that these composites may offer in terms of the lifetime of ceramic joint prostheses is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03287.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-Temperature Aging of Y-TZP Ceramics (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The isothermal tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation of a 3Y-TZP ceramic is investigated from 70° to 130°C in water and in steam by X-ray diffraction and optical interferometer techniques. Aging kinetics followed by X-ray diffraction are fitted by the Mehl-Avrami-Johnson law, suggesting nucleation and growth to be the key mechanisms for transformation. Optical interferometer observations of highly polished samples effectively reveal a nucleation and growth micromechanism for tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation. A model based on surface change analysis is developed that fits closely to the X-ray diffraction results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02055.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcritical Crack Propagation in 3Y-TZP Ceramics: Static and Cyclic Fatigue (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A detailed analysis of crack propagation in tetragonal zirconia polycrystals doped with 3 mol% of Y2O3 (3Y-TZP) ceramics is presented. Crack propagation tests have been conducted for crack velocities of 10-12-10-3 m/s in several environments, including air, water (in the temperature range of 3°-85°C), secondary vacuum (10-5 mbar), and silicon oil. Analysis of the experimental results-three propagating regimes that are dependent on the environment and a marked threshold below which no propagation occurs-shows that stress corrosion by water molecules is the key mechanism for crack propagation. The effect of grain size on the crack velocity is quantified and analyzed in terms of transformation toughening. Experiments under cyclic loading have been conducted to quantify the effects of cyclic fatigue. Crack velocities are higher under cyclic loading than that predicted by stress corrosion alone, and the threshold is lower. Experiments that have been conducted at two different frequencies (0.1 and 1 Hz) and static-fatigue/cyclic-fatigue sequences show that both stress corrosion by water and pure cyclic-fatigue effects are operative under alternative stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02213.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Martensitic Relief Observation by Atomic Force Microscopy in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tetragonal to monoclinic (t–m) phase transformation of zirconia has been the object of extensive investigations of the past 20 years and is now recognized as being of martensitic nature. However, martensitic transformation has only been observed by transmission electron microscopy or indirect methods. Though the benefit on the fracture toughness and crack resistance was the main interest, the transformation is now considered for its consequences on the degradation of the material. The use of atomic force microscopy reported here allowed the observation of the first stages of martensite relief growth and of new martensitic features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03639.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving the Durability of a Biomedical-Grade Zirconia Ceramic by the Addition of Silica (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The lifetime of tetragonal zirconia ceramic implants is controlled by their resistance to slow crack growth and low-temperature degradation (LTD). A decrease of the grain size is often proposed to decrease the effect of LTD on zirconia; however, this decrease also reduces the resistance to crack propagation. An alternative approach is reported here; such an approach consists of introducing a silica glass phase only at triple grain junctions, without changing the grain size. The addition of a small amount of silica (0.5 wt%) decreases the internal stresses, which improves the resistance to LTD without affecting the resistance to crack propagation. These results are discussed from a microstructural standpoint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00103.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Analysis of Crack Shielding Degradation During Cyclic Fatigue of Alumina (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Grain bridging degradation behind a crack tip is the main cyclic fatigue mechanism in nontransforming ceramics. In this work, a compliance function is used to quantify the shielding capacity of grain bridges during cyclic loading of alumina ceramics with different grain sizes. This allows to identify the different stages occurring during cyclic loading. Significant degradation is observed in the coarse grain material and a marked sensitivity to the loading level is outlined. At moderate loads, bridging degradation occurs prior to fatigue crack growth during an incubation period which can reach several million cycles. At low cyclic loads, the shielding capacity can be entirely degraded, leading to a cyclic fatigue threshold equivalent to that of the fine grain material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00037.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic Force Microscopy Study and Qualitative Analysis of Martensite Relief in Zirconia (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A recent report [S. Deville and J. Chevalier, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 86[12], 2225 (2003)] has shown the new possibilities offered by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate martensitic transformation-induced relief in zirconia. In this paper, we studied qualitatively the surface relief resulting from martensitic tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation in yttria and ceria-doped zirconia by AFM. AFM appears as a very powerful tool to investigate martensite relief with great precision. The phenomenological theory of martensitic crystallography could be successfully applied to explain all the observed features. The formation conditions of martensite are discussed, as well as ways of accommodating locally the transformation strain, i.e., self-accommodating variant pairs and microcracking. Variant growth sequences are observed. These observations bring new insights and explanations on the transformation initiation and propagation sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00174.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcritical Crack Growth Resistance of Low Temperature Degradation-Free Zirconia/Alumina Composites for Medical Applications (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 284-286 (Apr. 2005), p. 1007-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/49/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.284-286.1007.pdf
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