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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Restoration ecology 6 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We investigated the effects of prescribed fire, herbicide treatment, and sod removal on the eradication of exotic grasses and the establishment of native plant species in 24 experimental restoration plots in three razed residential sites within the boundary of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. During 1992–1995, herbicide treatment and sod removal decreased the combined cover of Poa pratensis (Kentucky blue grass) and Agropyron repens (quackgrass) significantly (from 82% to 13%, and 85% to 8%, respectively), whereas fire did not suppress such exotic lawn grasses. In 1993, several opportunistic species, represented by Cyperus spp. (umbrella sedges), Digitaria sanguinalis (crab grass), and Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), filled the gaps left by the removal of lawn grasses. For the same period, Detrended Correspondence Analysis revealed a clear vegetation divergence between the control-fire plots and the herbicide-sod removal plots. While Poa pratensis and Agropyron repens continued to dominate the control and fire plots, the planted native species, represented by Schizachyrium scoparium (little blue-stem), Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass), Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan), and Monarda punctata (horsemint), began to dominate in the herbicide and sod removal plots from 1994. In both herbicide and sod removal plots, the ground cover of grasses (68%) was much higher than the forbs (10%). The herbicide plots, where exotic species were removed but nitrogen-rich top soils were not removed, showed a higher diversity of planted native species than the sod removal plots (where both exotic species and top soils were removed) and the control-fire plots (where neither was removed). This finding suggests that an optimum but not excessive concentration of soil nitrogen is needed to support a maximum species diversity in such infertile substrate as sandy soil. In addition, the decrease in potassium in all plots, regardless of treatment, suggests that potassium may become a limiting factor for our restored native vegetation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Restoration ecology 3 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We investigated the role of artificially introduced Panicum virgatum (switch grass) on the sequential natural revegetation of 15- and 35-year-old tailings in the Adirondack region of northern New York. Switch grass covered approximately 48% of the 15-year-old Chaumont Tailings. Establishment of switch-grass stands improved the fertility of the site by adding organic matter, raising pH, and elevating cation exchange capacity and concentrations of major nutrients (N, P, and K). Switch-grass stands also aided the initial recruitment of such pioneer species as Populus spp. (aspens), Salix spp. (willows), and Betula spp. (birches). This facilitation of recruitment of woody species is explained as follows: (1) robust switch-grass stands physically captured the wind-disseminated seeds of these species; (2) switch grass acted as a “nurse crop” for these species, thus these species were able to increase their density vigorously through root or stem sprouting; (3) a combination of both. Switch grass decreased its cover (14%), however, as observed in the 35-year-old South Tailings. As switch grass declined, such vigorous “root-suckering” species as aspens increased in dominance, followed by the invasion of Prunus pensylvanica (pin cherry).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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