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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A one-dimensional numerical study of ultrashort-pulse reflectometrya) (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1241-1246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article presents a first analysis elucidating theoretical aspects of ultrashort-pulse reflectometry. It is studied by means of the numerical integration of a one-dimensional full-wave equation for ordinary modes propagating in a plasma. The numerical calculations illustrate the potential of using the reflection of ultrashort-pulse microwaves as an effective probe even in the presence of significant density fluctuations. The difference in time delays of differing frequency components of the microwaves can be used to deduce the density profile. The modification of the reflected pulses in the presence of density fluctuations is examined and can be understood based on considerations of Bragg resonance. A simple and effective profile-reconstruction algorithm using the zero crossings of the reflected pulse and subsequent Abel inversion is demonstrated. The robustness of the profile reconstruction algorithm in the presence of a sufficiently small amplitude density perturbation is assessed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146516
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A one-dimensional numerical study of ultrashort-pulse reflectometry (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 859-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article presents a first analysis elucidating theoretical aspects of ultrashort-pulse reflectometry. It is studied by means of the numerical integration of a one-dimensional full-wave equation for ordinary modes propagating in a plasma. The numerical calculations illustrate the potential of using the reflection of ultrashort-pulse microwaves as an effective probe even in the presence of significant density fluctuations. The difference in time delays of differing frequency components of the microwaves can be used to deduce the density profile. The modification of the reflected pulses in the presence of density fluctuations is examined and can be understood based on considerations of Bragg resonance. A simple and effective profile-reconstruction algorithm using the zero crossings of the reflected pulse and subsequent Abel inversion is demonstrated. The robustness of the profile reconstruction algorithm in the presence of a sufficiently small amplitude density perturbation is assessed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146185
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrashort-pulse reflectometry (invited) : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 399-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Time-of-flight radar diagnostics are envisaged as having great potential for determining electron density profiles in next generation tokamaks such as TPX and ITER. Ultrashort-pulse radar reflectometry is a promising new time-of-flight diagnostic capable of making instantaneous density profile determination utilizing a single source and a single set of measurements. A proof-of-principle eight channel system has been constructed for use on the CCT tokamak at UCLA, and has undergone extensive testing in the laboratory. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146358
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflectometry as a fluctuation diagnostic: A one-dimensional simulation : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4669-4671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reflectometry is currently employed to characterize turbulence in fusion plasmas worldwide and is expected to be a major diagnostic on the next generation of machines (e.g., ITER). Until recently, little was known about the response of a reflectometer to fluctuations (degree of localization of the signal, sensitivity to fluctuation wave number, dependence on density scale length, etc.). To elucidate these properties, we have been modeling reflectometer behavior with a code based on solution of a one-dimensional full wave equation. The code models an infinite plane plasma with density gradient in the x direction and solves the full wave equation to find the electric field of the reflectometer's electromagnetic wave. It can simulate stationary and moving density perturbations with arbitrary waveforms and wave numbers in plasmas with arbitrary density profiles. We present results of test cases comparing computational results to known analytic solutions for linear and 1−α2/x2 plasma density profiles, which show very good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143658
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamental investigation of reflectometry as a density fluctuation diagnostic (invited) : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4599-4604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reflectometry is currently used to monitor density fluctuations and turbulent correlation lengths in fusion plasmas. Various models have been used to interpret the experimental data and to determine the regimes of validity of the reflectometer fluctuation measurements. Heretofore, these models have not been validated by direct comparison with experiment. In this paper the first comparison between a controlled laboratory experiment and a one-dimensional numerical model is presented. It is found that the model is unable to predict the observed high degree of spatial localization and dependence on perturbation wave number. The implications of these disagreements are discussed, together with suggestions for their resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143681
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong enthalpically driven complexation of neutral benzene guests in aqueous solution (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 53 (1988), S. 5593-5595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00258a052
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of carmine allergens among three carmine allergy patients (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: There have been several reports of carmine allergy; however, identification of the responsible carmine allergens has not been widely documented. Methods: Three female patients presented with a history of anaphylaxis and/or urticaria/angioedema after ingestion of carmine-containing foods. All three patients had 4+ skin prick tests to carmine. Among them, two patients were confirmed to have carmine allergy by blinded, placebo-controlled food challenges to carmine. SDS–PAGE of cochineal insects and carmine, immunoblotting for IgE antibody with sera from all three patients, and immunoblotting inhibition with carmine were performed. Results: SDS–PAGE of minced cochineal insects revealed several protein bands of 23–88 kDa. Several of these bands were variably recognized by our three patients' sera, and this reactivity was inhibited by carmine. Although no protein bands could be visualized on SDS–PAGE of carmine in Coomassie brilliant blue staining, three protein bands were recognized by two of the three patients' serum. Conclusions: These results suggest that commercial carmine retains proteinaceous material from the source insects. These insect-derived proteins (possibly complexed with carminic acid) are responsible for IgE-mediated carmine allergy. Patient reactivity to these proteins may vary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00693.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of retinoids as inhibitors of [3H] all-trans retinoic acid binding to cellular retinoic acid-binding protein in rat skin and testes (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 278 (1986), S. 302-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein ; Skin ; Testes ; Retinoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary These experiments were designed to test the ability of certain analogs and metabolites of all-transretinoic acid (RA), 13-cis-retinoic acid, 4-hydroxy-alltrans-retinoic acid, 4-keto-all-trans-retinoic acid, trimethylmethoxyphenol (TMMP) analog of retinoic acid, and TMMP analog of ethyl retinoate (etretinate) to compete for cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) in skin and testes of rats. All retinoids, except etretinate, bind to CRABP in a competitive manner with a similar affinity (approximately 5×10-9 M for skin and 3×10-9 M for testes). In contrast, etretinate binds in a noncompetitive manner with a much lower affinity (7.7×10-5 M for skin and 7.5×10-5 M for testes). The values (μM) of IC50 for CRABP from rat skin are 0.43, 0.41, 0.95, 0.83, and 77.4 and those from rat testes are 0.59, 1.29, 2.25, 2.30, and 75.25 for all-trans-RA, 13-cis-RA, 4-hydroxy-all-trans RA, 4-keto-all-trans-RA, TMMP analog of RA, and etretinate, respectively. Etretinate is a potent retinoid that is used in the treatment of psoriasis. The lack of quantitative correlation between IC50 and the biological activity of etretinate may be explained in that the active form of etretinate in the body may be the carboxylic acid form (TMMP analog of RA) which binds to CRABP with higher affinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407742
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural behaviour and mechanical hardening in a Cu-Ni-Cr alloy (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1978), S. 541-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this investigation electron microscopy and diffraction have been employed to characterize the development of the modulated structures and associated sideband phenomena in a Cu-31.6 Ni-1.7Cr alloy and the microstructural behaviour has been correlated with the age-hardening response. The microstructural behaviour is consistent with the notion of spinodal decomposition of a rather asymmetric alloy within the ternary miscibility gap in the temperature range 650 to 750° C. The modulated structures which form during precipitation tend to undergo a morphological change during subsequent coarsening involving the sequence: cuboids → rods → platelets (or rafts); the driving force for this transformation is the minimization of the surface and strain energy of the coherent two-phase mixtures. Precipitate-free or denuded zones have been observed to develop after prolonged ageing apparently resulting from preferential loss of coherency and coarsening of particles in the vicinity of the grain boundaries. This microstructural heterogeneity gives rise to a “discontinuous coarsening” reaction eventually involving the migration of high-angle boundaries. The mechanical strengthening accompanying the formation of the aligned and periodic precipitate morphologies can be accounted for quantitatively in terms of the interaction of dislocations with the internal stress fields associated with the coherent precipitates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541804
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