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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early patterns of algal succession in a midlittoral community of the Mediterranean sea: a multifactorial experiment
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 169 (1993), S. 15-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0981
    Keywords: Algal succession ; Midlittoral community ; Multifactorial experiment ; Western Mediterranean
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(93)90040-U
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interplay of physical and biological factors in maintaining mid-shore and low-shore assemblages on rocky coasts in the north-west Mediterranean (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 123 (2000), S. 406-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Grazing ; Physical factors ; Repeated experimentation ; Rocky shores ; Scales of variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  This study examined the interactive effects of grazing by limpets and inclination of the substratum in maintaining differences between mid-shore and low-shore assemblages of algae in the northwest Mediterranean, at different scales of space and through time. Alternative models leading to different predictions about these effects were proposed and tested. Limpets were excluded by fences from areas of the substratum at mid levels on the shore. The response of algal assemblages to this manipulation was compared with control and enclosure plots at the same level, and with unmanipulated plots in the low shore where limpets are less abundant. The effects of limpets were examined at several replicated sites (0.1–4 km apart) for each slope of the substratum (nearly horizontal vs vertical), at different locations (hundreds of kilometres apart) and at different times. Individual taxa responded differently to limpet exclusion. The percentage cover of the coarsely branched and filamentous algae increased significantly in exclosure plots, in some loser reaching values found on the low shore. These patterns, however, varied greatly from shore to shore and significant effects were found both on horizontal and vertical substrata. Multivariate analyses indicated that grazing by limpets accounted for about 20% of the differences between mid-shore and low-shore assemblages. This effect was independent of substratum inclination and was consistent in space and time, suggesting that physical conditions were not as stressful for macroalgae on vertical substrata as initially supposed. Variable recruitment of algae is proposed as a possible explanation for the lack of consistency in the effects of limpets at the scale of the shore. The results of this study emphasize the need for multiple-scale analyses of the interactive effects of physical and biological factors to understand the organization of natural assemblages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420051028
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources and biochemical composition of suspended particulate material in a submarine cave with sulphur water springs (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 537-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sources, biochemical composition and nutritional value of suspended particulate material were investigated from February 1994 to February 1995 in a submarine cave (Grotta Azzurra, Capo Palinuro, southwestern Italy) with hot sulphur springs and associated mats of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria in its innermost dark part (Snow Hall). Concentrations of total suspended material (TSM), particulate inorganic material (PIM), organic carbon (POC), organic nitrogen (PON), chlorophyll a (Chl a), phaeopigments (Phaeo), carbohydrates (TCH), proteins (TPR) and lipids (TLI) were measured at four stations along an outside–inside transect, in order to address whether the quantity and quality of suspended particles varied over time with increasing distance from the entrance of the cave and estimate the relative contribution of chemosynthesis versus photosynthesis in supplying POC to cave heterotrophs. The abundance and biochemical composition of suspended material available to filter-feeders varied over time, but no significant quantitative or qualitative differences were detected along the outside–inside transect. Concentrations of TSM and of its different compounds (PIM, POC, PON, Phaeo, TCH, TPR, TLI) were homogeneous among the four stations or fluctuated without any consistent trend, with no apparent ageing and degradation of organic material in the innermost dark station. Conversely, concentrations of Chl a significantly decreased from outside to inside the cave at all sampling periods. It is suggested that suspended POC in Grotta Azzurra consists of mixed assemblages of particles coming from advection of photosynthetic material from the open sea and local inputs of carbon by sulphur-oxidizing bacteria. Based on POC/Chl a ratios, the relative contributions of chemosynthesis versus photosynthesis in supplying POC to benthic heterotrophs was estimated to be 31 and 69%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050119
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of tritium in the marine environment: Uptake and distribution of tritiated water and of tritiated organic compounds in unicellular and multicellular algae (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 187-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Acetabularia ; Boergesenia ; Laurencia ; Cystoseira ; radioecology ; tritium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027662
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources and Pathways of Particulate Organic Carbon in a Submarine Cave with Sulphur Water Springs (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 353-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: POC ; sources ; composition ; sedimentation ; sulphur bacteria ; chemosynthesis ; submarine caves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The origin, quality and pathways of particulate organic carbon (POC) were studied from May 1991 to May 1995 in a submarine cave (Grotta Azzurra, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) with warm sulphur springs that support dense mats of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria. Multifactorial sampling designs were used to specifically address: (1) differences in the quantity and quality of suspended and sedimenting particles in two distinct regions of Grotta Azzurra, a weakly-illuminated outer region (Central Hall) and an innermost dark region (Snow Hall) characterized by the presence of sulphur waters; (2) the composition and fluxes of particulate material above and below the sulphurous boundary. The water and sediment trap samples were analysed for total particles, POC, particulate organic nitrogen (PON), chlorophyll a (Chl a) and phaeopigments (Phaeo). The microbial mats were assayed for carbon fixation and RubisCo activity. Stable carbon isotope ratios of the bacteria, benthic fauna and sediments were measured. The overall amount and flux of POC did not differ between the two regions of the cave. By contrast photosynthetic pigments decreased significantly from the outer to the inner region. The average POC:PON ratios of suspended and sedimenting material were lower than 10.2, and there was no apparent ageing or degradation from the Central Hall to the Snow Hall. Fluxes of POC above the boundary were on average 23.8% of fluxes measured below the boundary, and no Chl a was detected above the boundary. The mats of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria had a 13C depletion of -30 to -31‰, providing a marker for tracing POC from this source. The majority of the benthic animals showed ∂C from -20 to -24‰. Some polychaete worms and echinoderms were more depleted (-25‰), indicating greater consumption of bacterial carbon, while sponges were not depleted compared with the benthos of the control cave (∂13C-18 to -19‰). It is estimated that bacteria supply about 31% of the suspended POC in the Snow Hall. A larger input may be available to animals living close to the bacterial mats and to those in the more sulphurous Grotta Sulfurea cave.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018362616926
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources and pathways of particulate obanic carbon in a submarine cave with sulphur water springs (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 353-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: POC ; sources ; composition ; sedimentation ; sulphur bacteria ; chemosynthesis ; submarine caves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The origin, quality and pathways of particulate organic carbon (POC) were studied from May 1991 to May 1995 in a submarine cave (Grotta Azzurra, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) with warm sulphur springs that support dense mats of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria. Multifactorial sampling designs were used to specifically address: (1) differences in the quantity and quality of suspended and sedimenting particles in two distinct regions of Grotta Azzurra, a weakly-illuminated outer region (Central Hall) and an innermost dark region (Snow Hall) characterized by the presence of sulphur waters; (2) the composition and fluxes of particulate material above and below the sulphurous boundary. The water and sediment trap samples were analysed for total particles, POC, particulate organic nitrogen (PON), chlorophyllα (Chlα) and phaeopigments (Phaeo). The nticrobial mats were assayed for carbon fixation and RubisCo activity. Stable carbon isotope ratios of the bacteria, benthic fauna and sediments were measured. The overall amount and flux of POC did not differ between the two regions of the cave. By contrast photosynthetic pigments decreased significantly from the outer to the inner region. The average POC:PON ratios of suspended and sedimenting material were lower than 10.2, and there was no apparent ageing or degradation from the Central Hall to the Snow Hall. Fluxes of POC above the boundary were on average 23.8% of fluxes measured below the boundary, and no Chl a was detected above the boundary. The mats of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria had a13C depletion of -30 to -31‰, providing a marker for tracing POC from this source. The majority of the benthic animals showed ∂13C from -20 to -24‰. Some polychaete worms and echinoderms were more depleted (-25‰), indicating greater consumption of bacterial carbon, while sponges were not depleted compared with the benthos of the control cave (∂13C -l8 to -19‰) It is estimated that bacteria supply about 31% of the suspended POC in the Snow Hall. A larger input may be available to animals living close to the bacterial mats and to those in die more sulphurous Grotta Sulfurea cave.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406875
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