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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN INTRODUCTION TO TRP CHANNELS (2006)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 68 (2006), S. 619-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: The aim of this review is to provide a basic framework for understanding the function of mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, particularly as they have been elucidated in heterologous expression systems. Mammalian TRP channel proteins form six-transmembrane (6-TM) cation-permeable channels that may be grouped into six subfamilies on the basis of amino acid sequence homology (TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPA, TRPP, and TRPML). Selected functional properties of TRP channels from each subfamily are summarized in this review. Although a single defining characteristic of TRP channel function has not yet emerged, TRP channels may be generally described as calcium-permeable cation channels with polymodal activation properties. By integrating multiple concomitant stimuli and coupling their activity to downstream cellular signal amplification via calcium permeation and membrane depolarization, TRP channels appear well adapted to function in cellular sensation. Our review of recent literature implicating TRP channels in neuronal growth cone steering suggests that TRPs may function more widely in cellular guidance and chemotaxis. The TRP channel gene family and its nomenclature, the encoded proteins and alternatively spliced variants, and the rapidly expanding pharmacology of TRP channels are summarized in online supplemental material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040204.100431
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effectiveness of Housing Management (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Social policy and administration 26 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9515
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article examines the performance of different kinds of landlords in providing housing management services to their tenants by reviewing a number of recent studies on housing management effectiveness. In particular the performance of mass-landlords (councils and larger housing associations) is contrasted with that of small-scale, locally-based, resident controlled landlords such as co-operatives or community-based housing associations. Although the evidence is not conclusive, it points to worse performance by large landlords. The paper then assesses the relevance of this evidence to current housing policies and argues that they are unlikely to lead to more effective housing management which is often held by the Government to be one of their major objectives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.1992.tb00380.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    G PROTEIN betagamma SUBUNITS (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 37 (1997), S. 167-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins relay extracellular signals encoded in light, small molecules, peptides, and proteins to activate or inhibit intracellular enzymes and ion channels. The larger G proteins, made up of Galphabetagamma heterotrimers, dissociate into Galpha and Gbetagamma subunits that separately activate intracellular effector molecules. Only recently has the Gbetagamma subunit been recognized as a signal transduction molecule in its own right; Gbetagamma is now known to directly regulate as many different protein targets as the Galpha subunit. Recent X-ray crystallography of Galpha, Gbetagamma, and Galphabetagamma subunits will guide the investigation of structure-function relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.167
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ambiguities and Contradictions in the Provision of Sheltered Housing for Older People (1990)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Journal of social policy 19 (1990), S. 27-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-2794
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper examines the current model of sheltered housing and explores a central contradiction in that model: namely that if only those people who most need and appreciate the unique features of sheltered housing were allocated places in schemes, the existing model ultimately could not provide sufficient support. This central contradiction leads to a fundamental lack of clarity in the role of sheltered housing. This is reflected in the ambiguities apparent in allocation practices, where judgements are typically made not only in relation to the tenants' needs and demands but also in relation to the impact on schemes. Evidence is presented from a recent study of sheltered and amenity housing in Scotland, which exposes these issues and suggestions are made as to how the traditional model of sheltered housing can be made more flexible and more suited to those who need and value it most.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0047279400017839
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Holmans, A.E.: Housing Policy in Britain : Beckenham, Croom Helm, 1987 (1988)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Journal of social policy 17 (1988), S. 122-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-2794
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0047279400016561
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Community Ownership and the Break-up of Council Housing in Britain (1994)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Journal of social policy 23 (1994), S. 219-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-2794
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article provides an assessment of the Community Ownership programme in Scotland, which involved the transfer of council housing to par-value co-operatives and community-based housing associations. The evaluation is considered under four headings: resident involvement; the effectiveness of housing management; neighbourhood impacts; and financial appraisal. The findings lend support to the government's programme of breaking up council housing, but lead to criticisms of the emphasis on large-scale voluntary transfers and the neglect of ownership co-operatives in England. In Scotland, the lack of support for the formation of tenant management co-operatives is also criticised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0047279400021632
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malpass, PeterBooth, Philip; Crook, Tony: The Housing CrisisLow Cost Home Ownership : London, Croom Helm, 1986Aldershot, Gower, 1986 (1987)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Journal of social policy 16 (1987), S. 102-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-2794
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0047279400015762
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rationing, Choice and Constraint: The Allocation of Public Housing in Glasgow (1986)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Journal of social policy 15 (1986), S. 51-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-2794
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology
    Notes: Social segregation in public housing has usually been explained in institutional terms by reference to the policies and practices of the local authority. This paper draws on data from a household survey of new council tenants in Glasgow to demonstrate that the outcome of the rationing process cannot be attributed to factors originating at the level of the institution alone. The research examines stages of the allocation process, in particular the behaviour of applicants in expressing preferences and their propensity to reject offers, as well as institutional factors. It is suggested that household choice behaviour, which is related to income, is important in determining social patterns in council housing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0047279400023102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The βγ subunits of GTP-binding proteins activate the muscarinic K + channel in heart (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 321-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Subunits ofguanine nucleotide regulatory proteins purified from bovine cerebral cortex were used to perfuse the intracellular surface of excised patches of chick embryonic atrial cells. Single-channel current measurements unexpectedly indicate that the βγ, and not the a subunits, are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/325321a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-angiosperm phytochromes and the evolution of vascular plants (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 102 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The phytochromes, a class of plant light-sensing pigments, are a gene family with a long, complex evolutionary history. Angiosperms each have five or more phytochromes (designated A to E in Arabidopsis) with distinct functions as light receptors and only moderate sequence identities for different types within a species. The long-term challenge taken up here is to trace the origin and function of the various motifs within the angiosperm phytochromes through gymnosperm phytochromes (types N, O and P) and lower plant phytochromes, sometimes reaching even to bacterial progenitor molecules. Particularly intriguing are the findings of homology of a C-terminal region of phytochromes with bacterial transmitter modules and of a large N-terminal region with a protein encoded by a gene from the cyanobacterum Synechocystis. Phylogenetic analysis helps to answer general questions such as the times of divergence of mono- and dicotyledons, of groups of gymnosperms or of ferns. Phytochrome sequences suggest (1) that mono- and dicotyledons became separated 150-200 million years earlier than indicated by the fossil record and (2) that Ginkgo and Cycas have been separated unexpectedly late from the lineage giving rise to the Pinidae. (3) The status of Psilotum as a close relative of the primeval vascular plants is not supported. Phytochrome gene sequences additionally reveal that (4) moss and fern phytochromes have erratically acquired C-termini which, though kinase-like, are different from the common ones and that (5) introns have been lost, gained or shifted in position from algae to angiosperms. Phytochromes promise to be a rich source of phylogenetic information into the future as more sequences and functional data emerge, not least from studies of lower plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1020417.x
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