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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propachlor andN-isopropylaniline residues in onions (Allium cepa) and muck soils (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 47 (1991), S. 104-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01689460
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contamination of rural ponds with pesticide, 1971–85, Ontario, Canada (1990)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 44 (1990), S. 401-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01701222
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey of farm wells for pesticides, Ontario, Canada, 1986 and 1987 (1990)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 44 (1990), S. 410-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01701223
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triazine and chloroacetamide herbicides in Sydenham River water and municipal drinking water, Dresden, Ontario, Canada, 1981–1987 (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Samples of raw river water from the Sydenham River, Ontario were collected 30 to 50 times per year between 1981 and 1987 along with paired samples of drinking water from the town of Dresden. Atrazine and its metabolite, deethyl atrazine, were found in 89 to 100% of the raw water over the seven year period. Alachlor was found only in 1982, 1984 and 1985 when 2 to 17% of raw waters were contaminated. Cancellation of the registration to use alachlor at the end of 1985 resulted in no residues being found in 1986 and 1987. Cyanazine was found in 3 to 29% (1982–87), metolachlor in 19 to 27% (1984–87) and metribuzin in 2 to 7% (1982-86) of raw river water. Comparison of those residues in raw with those in drinking water revealed that chlorination of river water had no effect in reducing herbicide concentrations. During 1985 the addition of up to 50 mg/L of powdered charcoal to raw water reduced residues to near or below detection limits fors-triazine and Chloroacetamide herbicides. However, in 1986, with a reduced rate of 20 mg/L of charcoal herbicide residues were only slightly reduced and in 1987 with only 5 mg/L no reductions occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054972
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in waters at the mouth of the Grand, Saugeen, and Thames Rivers, Ontario, Canada, 1986–1990 (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 585-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Water samples were collected from the mouths of the three major agricultural watersheds, the Grand, the Saugeen, and the Thames (Ontario, Canada), between January 1986 and December 1990. Analyses were performed for 18 herbicides, 26 insecticides, and 4 fungicides in use in the basins. A total of between 425 and 474 samples were analyzed for each of the major groups of pesticides. Six herbicides, two insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were identified in surface water. Atrazine and its metabolite desethylatrazine were the most frequently found pesticide present in 340 of 474 samples or 72%; the metabolite was not always present with the parent compound. The second most frequently found pesticide was metolachlor which was identified in 30 of 474 samples or 6.3%. 2,4-D and cyanazine were present in 3.3% and 1.5% of the samples, respectively; alachlor, mecoprop, and simazine were present in 0.5% of the samples. Dicamba and metribuzin were present in single samples (0.2%). DDT, heptachlor epoxide, and PCB were identified in only single samples over the 5-year period. Between 342 and 2959 kg/annum of total atrazine were found passing the mouth of the three rivers and entering Lakes Erie or St. Clair between 1986 and 1990. The greatest loss was from the Thames River and the least from the Saugeen River. Between 1% and 2% of that applied in the watershed was lost at the mouth. Loadings of only two other pesticides to the rivers exceeded 5 kg in any one year, namely, metolachlor and 2,4-D. In the case of metolachlor, loadings ranged from 〈5 to 1,726 kg/annum, the highest being in the Thames and the lowest in the Saugeen River. 2,4-D exceeded a loading of 5 kg/annum in 1988 in the Grand River. Atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor were tracked across Lake St. Clair from the mouth of the Thames to the mouth of the Detroit River in 1987.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183882
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissipation of atrazine on a clay loam soil, Ontario, Canada, 1986–90 (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dissipation of atrazine and its metabolite, desethylatrazine (DEA), was followed and a partial mass balance was calculated, following applications to a clay loam soil at the Animal Research Centre Farm, Ottawa, Canada between 1986 and 1990. The decline in residue in the upper 15 cm of the soil was calculated following the applications on 30 September 1986, 6 June 1987 and 10 May 1989. Residues that leached down the soil profile and appeared in tile drainage water, and the watertable were determined. Atrazine and DEA declined rapidly over the summer months with a half-life disappearance of 37 and 64 days for the parent and 42 and 68 days for the parent plus metabolite, respectively following the 1987 and 1989 applications. When the dissipation period was extended to cover the winter months (22 months) the half-life disappearance increased to 125 days for atrazine alone and 137 and 141 days for the parent plus metabolite. Applied in the fall, September 1986, the half-life disappearance was 198 days for atrazine and 327 days for atrazine plus DEA. An estimated minimum of 3.2 to 6.5% of the applied atrazine leached below 15 cm and was detected in the soil profile to a depth of 60 cm. Atrazine and DEA were found in all samples of the tile drainage water collected from the 1.0 m depth and in all groundwater samples beneath the field between a depth of 1.2 and 4.6 m, the maximum depth sampled. It was estimated that 1.9% of that applied was lost in the tile drainage water following a fall application and up to 0.2% from spring applications. A further 0.3 to 0.6% of that applied was present in the water table at any one time. Losses in surface runoff waters were minimal (〈0.01%) because of the flat topography and conservation tillage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055554
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissipation of cyanazine and metolachlor on a clay loam soil, Ontario, Canada, 1987–1990 (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 253-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dissipation of cyanazine and metolachlor was determined following two and three applications, respectively, to a clay loam soil at the Animal Research Centre Farm, Ottawa between 1987 and 1990. Residue decline, leachability into the soil profile, movement into tile drainage water, and contamination of the groundwater of the two herbicides were measured. The amount of each herbicide applied to the soil surface was accounted for in the upper layer during the first week following treatment. Cyanazine disappeared from the upper 15 cm of the soil in 181 days in 1987 and 90 days in 1988, with a calculated half-life disappearance of 27 and 12 days respectively. Residues of cyanazine were not detected in the soil profile below 15 cm or in tile drainage water. A single residue was detected in a sample of groundwater in 1988 at the detection level of 0.01 Μg/L. The decline of metolachlor was followed in the upper 15 cm of the soil for 332, 364 and 370 days respectively in 1987, 1988 and 1989 and the half-life disappearance of 80, 99 and 142 days were calculated. Residues of metolachlor were detected between 15 and 30 cm but not below 30 cm in the soil profile. Metolachlor was detected in some tile drainage waters throughout the study period 1987–90. Between 0.003 and 0.01% of the metolachlor applied to the surface appeared in tile drainage water following each of three applications. Metolachlor was present in groundwaters 1.2 to 4.6 m deep between the fall of 1988 to the summer of 1989. It was estimated that by the end of the season between 0.06 and 0.19% of the metolachlor moved into the shallow groundwater between the depths of 1.2 and 4.6 m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055344
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