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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative metabolism of the pyrethroids bifenthrin and deltamethrin in the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 36 (1988), S. 1040-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00083a033
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy transfer at the surface of clays and protection of pesticides from photodegradation (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 315 (1985), S. 658-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Clays, such as montmorillonite, exhibit outstanding adsorption properties due to their high specific surface areas and high cation-exchange capacities6. As organic molecules adsorbed on the clay surface are oriented7, their intermolecular distances and orientations might fulfil the requirements for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315658a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatty acid synthesis by the hide beetle Dermestes maculatus (Dermestidae: Coleoptera) (1974)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 17 (1974), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dermestes maculatus peut être élevé, jusqu'à complet développement, sur un milieu semisynthétique dépourvu de lipides à l'exception de cholesterol. L'apport éventuel de lipides par des microorganismes a été évité par adjonction d'antibiotiques, ces derniers n'affectant pas le développement de l'insecte. L'analyse des acides gras indique que D. maculatus ne synthétise pas les acides gras non saturés et qu'il n'en exige pas pour son développement normal. Des quantités substantielles d'acide linoléique ont pu être décelées quand les insectes sont nourris avec un aliment semi-synthétique contenant un lipide qui sert de source d'acides gras. Les acides oléique et palmitique sont prédominants, correspondant respectivement à la moitié ou au tiers des acides gras totaux. De petites quantités d'acide myristique, palmitoléique et stéarique sont également décelées.
    Notes: Abstract The hide beetle Dermestes maculatus DeG. can be reared, and can complete its development on a semi-synthetic diet which is lipid-free, except for cholesterol. Any microbial source of lipids was eliminated by applying antibiotics, and the latter did not affect the insect growth. Fatty acid analysis indicates that D. maculatus neither synthesizes polyunsaturated fatty acids nor requires them for the normal development of one generation. Substantial quantities of linoleic acid can be detected when insects are fed a lipid-containing semi-synthetic diet which serves as a source for the above acids. Oleic and palmitic acids are predominant, comprising about a half and a third of total fatty acids, respectively. Minor amounts of myristic, palmitoleic and stearic acid are also detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334988
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The involvement of acetylcholinesterase in resistance of the California red scale shape Aonidiella aurantii to organophosphorus pesticides (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: acetylcholinesterase ; Aonidiella aurantii ; chlorpyrifos ; chlorpyrifos-oxon ; mechanism of resistance ; organophosphorus inhibitors ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory toxicity bioassays using chlorpyrifos (Dursban) confirmed the notion that development of resistance is responsible for widespread failures to control the California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) by applying organophosphorus (OP) compounds in citrus groves in Israel. Higher Vmax values of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (9–13 fold) were measured in resistant strains collected from the field as compared to a susceptible line. No differences were found with respect to Km values using acetylthiocholine iodide as a substrate, or degree of inhibition (expressed by IC50 values) by the OP compounds chlorpyrifos-oxon and paraoxon and the carbamate pirimicarb. We suggest that resistance of the California red scale is caused by excess of AChE molecules able to bind and thus scavenge inhibitory OP compounds. This scavenging mechanism related to AChE may be similar in other insect species where elevated levels of detoxifying esterases were implicated in conferring OP resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003283605732
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resurgences of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) induced by synthetic pyrethroids (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 6 (1989), S. 29-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Causes of spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) population resurgences consequent upon exposure to synthetic pyrethroid (SP) treatments are reviewed. Resurgences may be seen as soon as 1 week, or even as late as a whole season, post-treatment. Synthetic pyrethroids vary in their adverse effects on spider mites, and also differ in their ability to invoke resurgences of different spidermite species on diverse plants. These pesticides are lethal as well as repellent to phytoseiids and other predators that prey on spider mites, may inhibit fungi which attack the latter, and affect phytophagous competitors. Spider mites are likewise repelled by SPs, thus becoming more evenlydistributed and less web-restricted, with a resultant increase in fecundity. Spider-mite development is shortened due to SPs and the sex ratio becomes more female-biased; onset of winter diapause also seems to be delayed. Synthetic pyrethroids appear to sensitize to spider-mite infestation plants which have not hitherto been attacked. Some SP effects (whether on spider mites, natural enemies or competitors) appear to be direct, whereas others may be mediated through the host plants. The effect of SPs on the other Acari is variable within the Prostigmata and Astigmata. Most Mesostigmata and Metastigmata (ticks) are very sensitive, whilst the Cryptostigmata (Oribatei) appear to be insensitive. Synthetic pyrethroids-induced resurgences of Homoptera are comparatively reviewed, with the conclusion that some of the phenomena may be similar to those observed in spider mites. Various resurgence models are discussed, as well as the three main causes of variation (SPs, spider-mite species, host plants) in the observed phenomena. The need for more rigorous and carefully controlled experimentation is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01193231
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutathione-S-transferase activity and its induction in several strains of Tribolium castaneum (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Glutathione-S-transferase ; hexachlorocyclohexane isomers ; induction ; 3-methylcholanthrene ; pentobarbital ; polychlorinated biphenyl ; trans-stilbene oxide ; Tribolium castaneum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des niveaux voisins d'activités spécifiques glutathione-S-transférase (GST) ont été mis en évidence chez les lignées CSbb, Kano et CS++ de Tribolium castaneum. L'activité GST est significativement plus élévée chez la lignée multirésistante CTC-12. Les stades larvaires et imaginaux sont caractérisés par des niveaux relativement élévés d'activité GST. L'activité enzymatique étant considérablement réduite chez les nymphes et les ‘pré-imagos’; aucune activité n'a été décelée dans les oeufs. Les possibilités d'induction de GST par différentes drogues et substances toxiques dépend de l'état physiologique, de la lignée de l'insecte et de la nature de l'inducteur. Généralement le pentobarbital stimule plus fortement les enzymes larvaires qu'imaginales. L'induction par 3-méthylcholanthrène et l'oxyde trans-stilbène présentait les mêmes traits. La stimulation de la transférase la plus élevée (jusqu'à 3,6 fois) a été décelée chez les les larves CTC-12 traitées avec un analogue du biphényl polychloré. Les isomères α et β sont des inducteurs puissants de GST chez les larves tandis que l'isomère Δ est de loin moins efficace.
    Notes: Abstract Similar levels of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) specific activities were detected in CSbb, Kano and CS++ strains of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera). The GST activity in the CTC-12 multi-resistant line was significantly higher compared with the above strains. The larval and adult stages are characterized by relatively high levels of GST activity. The enzyme activity was considerably reduced in pharate-pupae and pupae, and no activity was detected in eggs. The extent of inducibility of GST by various drugs and toxicants was depentent on the insect strain and physiological stage, and on the type of inducer. In general, the larval GST enzymes were strongly stimulated by pentobarbital as compared with the adult ones. Similar pattern of induction was observed with 3-methylcholanthrene and trans-stilbene oxide. The highest stimulation (up to 3.6 fold) of the transferase was detected in CTC-12 larvae treated with a polychlorinated biphenyl analog. The α and β hexachlorocyclohexane isomers are potent inducers of GST in the larval stage whereas the δ isomer is far less effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343487
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential of production of sulfated polysaccharides from Porphyridium (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 89 (1985), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Carrageenan ; Cell wall ; Marine algae ; Porphyridium ; Sulfated polysaccharides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The environmental conditions prevailing in Israel make marine algae an attractive crop for the production of valuable chemicals. A marine species of Porphyridium seems to fit this purpose. The unicellular red alga Porphyridium is encapsulated by a polysaccharide envelope that is present in the gel state. This polysaccharide is an acidic heteropolymer composed of sulfated sugars. It forms ionic bridges through divalent cations, thus reaching a very high molecular weight. The thickness of the polysaccharide capsule varies according to the phase of growth and the growth conditions. Its outer part dissolves in the growth medium, which becomes progressively more viscous. Sulfated polysaccharides form theramlly reversible gels similar to agar and carrageenan, which are usually extracted from marine macroalgae. These gels have been finding increasing use in commercial applications as gelling agents, thickeners, stabilizers, and emulsifiers. We have done experiments on the cultivation of a marine species of Porphyridium for the production of polysaccharides. This unicellular alga has an advantage over the macroalgae due to its relatively faster growth rate and the possibility to regulate its growth. The potential for production of the polysaccharide, both that dissolved in the external medium and that attached to the cell (including an intracellular fraction), and the effects of growth conditions on productivity were suudied in the laboratory. Porphyridium was also cultivated outdoors in seawater in 1-m2 ponds and its growth potential investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182238
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of esterases during ontogenesis of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (tenebrionidae; coleoptera) (1977)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 15 (1977), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Tribolium castaneum ; gel electrophoresis ; esterase isozymes ; esterase inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two electrophoretically fast-migrating, nonspecific esterases were detected in two strains of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and designated F (fast) and S (slow) according to their relative migration distances. Both isozymes are associated with the alimentary canal and display ontogenetic changes. Their activity is very low in the egg stage, increases in the larva, and declines dramatically in the pharate pupa and pupa. The overall activity in the pupal stage is low, yet increases gradually throughout this period. In the adult, the activity of the esterases rises sharply. The larval and adult F and S isozymes were found to hydrolyze α- and β-naphthylacetate and α-naphthylpropionate with almost equal capacity. α-Naphthyl laurate was cleaved by the F enzyme of both larvae and adults. The F and S were insensitive to inhibitors of arylesterases and cholinesterases and were markedly inhibited by the organophosphate diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) and could be classified as carboxylesterases. Differential sensitivities of larval and adult esterases to urea and heat treatment as well as to DFP may indicate the expression of different genes during metamorphosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00484457
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bulb mite,Rhizoglyphus robini (Astigmata: Acaridae) as an experimental animal (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 12 (1991), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhizoglyphus robini Claparède (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae) is proposed as a model laboratory animal for biological, ecological, physiological and toxicological studies. The mite is easy and inexpensive to rear, quite fecund, convenient to manipulate, and may rapidly be raised to gram quantities. Examples are presented of its use in soil pest ecology and control studies, and in physiological, biochemical and toxicological investigations. Efforts to explore the induction of detoxification systems by various chemicals, and a demonstration of its control by solarization, are also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01204403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epoxide hydrolase in the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini: properties and induction (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 17 (1993), S. 381-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using styrene oxide as substrate, most of the epoxide hydrolase (EH) activity monitored in the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini was associated with the microsomal compartment. The microsomal and cytosolic EHs did not display any significant preference in hydrating trans stilbene oxide (TSO) and cis stilbene oxide (CSO). The microsomal EH, which has a Km value of 5×10-5M and pH optimum of 7.8, was sensitive to ethanol and its activity was inhibited to a moderate extent by 4-fluorochalcone oxide, TSO, CSO and trans-chalcone oxide at a level of 10-4M. Microsomal EH was considerably induced (4–5-fold) in mites feeding garlic and onion, or ingesting TSO-impregnated filter papers. Other epoxides like CSO, 2,4-dichlorostilbene oxide, methyl chalcone oxide and heptachlor epoxide displayed moderate induction levels (1.4–2.6-fold). Of the toxicants assayed only sodium phenobarbital was a potent inducer. Lindane, malathion and DDT did not stimulate EH activity and 3-methyl-cholanthrene was even inhibitory. A decrease in EH activity was observed with a number of phytochemicals tested such as sinigrin, flavone, menthol, trans-β-carotene, chalcone, allyl sulphide and trans-cinnamic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058601
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