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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated face analysis by feature point tracking has high concurrent validity with manual FACS coding (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 36 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The face is a rich source of information about human behavior. Available methods for coding facial displays, however, are human-observer dependent, labor intensive, and difficult to standardize. To enable rigorous and efficient quantitative measurement of facial displays, we have developed an automated method of facial display analysis. In this report, we compare the results with this automated system with those of manual FACS (Facial Action Coding System, Ekman & Friesen, 1978a) coding. One hundred university students were videotaped while performing a series of facial displays. The image sequences were coded from videotape by certified FACS coders. Fifteen action units and action unit combinations that occurred a minimum of 25 times were selected for automated analysis. Facial features were automatically tracked in digitized image sequences using a hierarchical algorithm for estimating optical flow. The measurements were normalized for variation in position, orientation, and scale. The image sequences were randomly divided into a training set and a cross-validation set, and discriminant function analyses were conducted on the feature point measurements. In the training set, average agreement with manual FACS coding was 92% or higher for action units in the brow, eye, and mouth regions. In the cross-validation set, average agreement was 91%, 88%, and 81% for action units in the brow, eye, and mouth regions, respectively. Automated face analysis by feature point tracking demonstrated high concurrent validity with manual FACS coding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0048577299971184
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific Impairment of Smiling Increases the Severity of Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Facial Neuromuscular Disorders (1999)
    Springer
    Aesthetic plastic surgery 23 (1999), S. 416-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5241
    Keywords: Key words: Facial nerve diseases—Facial paralysis—Psychology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Depressive symptoms and related emotional distress are prevalent among patients with facial neuromuscular disorders, and the psychological distress impacts the functional disabilities associated with the facial impairment. A specific impairment in the ability to smile may elevate the risk for depression, with patients experiencing a reduced physiological feedback associated with smiling as well as the social consequences of the inability to communicate positive emotion. We tested the hypothesis that specific impairments in the ability to smile increase the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with facial neuromuscular disorders. Twenty-nine consecutive patients (mean age, 50.2 years; SD, 17.0 years; range, 18–81 years) with a facial neuromuscular disorder, who volunteered and completed all of the assessment measures participated. Facial neuromuscular impairments were assessed using multiple measures of facial motility and dysfunction, and emotional functioning was assessed using self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and positive and negative affect. Severity of global facial impairment was statistically controlled in evaluating the association between specific impairment in smiling and the degree of depressive symptoms. Separate hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated the specific impairment of smiling contributed to the prediction of depression (R 2= .41, df = 3,25, p= .00) and anxiety (R 2= .35, df = 3,25, p= .00), controlling first for the contribution of global impairment and facial physical disability. The specific impairment of smiling did not contribute to the prediction of positive emotional experience. Specific impairment of smiling and physical disability, but not global impairment of facial motion, were key predictors of depression in patients with facial neuromuscular disorders. The results emphasize the need to assess and treat depression and anxiety in patients with a facial neuromuscular disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002669900312
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of error patterns produced by scopolamine and MK-801 on repeated acquisition and transition baselines (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 107 (1992), S. 243-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Learning ; MK-801 ; Rats ; Repeated acquisition ; Repeated transitions ; Scopolamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An understanding of the differential role of cholinergic and glutaminergic systems may be limited by the failure to move the analysis of learning impairments beyond an assessment of changes in overall accuracy. This paper reports the results of two studies in which the effects in rats of scopolamine (0.5–3.0 mg/kg IP), a cholinergic antagonist, and MK-801 (0.05–0.3 mg/kg IP), an NMDA-receptor antagonist, were compared in two different repeated learning procedures and the nature of the underlying error patterns produced by each was evaluated. The first study examined drug effects upon a repeated sequence acquisition procedure and found that while both drugs decreased overall accuracy in a dose-dependent manner, the predominant error pattern varied significantly with drug; scopolamine primarily produced skipping errors within the sequence, whereas MK-801 more prominently increased perseveration on the first and second members of the sequence. In the second study, which used a repeated transition procedure, both drugs again significantly decreased overall accuracy in a dose-dependent manner, but no consistent differences in error patterning produced by the drugs were observed. Thus, while both cholinergic and NMDA systems play a role in learning, the behavioral processes underlying the changes in overall accuracy may differ, as indicated by the differential patterns of errors produced by scopolamine and MK-801 in the repeated acquisition baseline. Furthermore, the observed differences in the underlying behavioral processes of scopolamine and MK-801 in the repeated acquisition but not on the repeated transition procedure suggest that each of the two drugs may affect more than one of the variables controlling behavior, with the relative impact of drug-related changes in controlling variables depending upon the operative contingencies of the learning task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245144
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Image Registration Using Wavelet-Based Motion Model (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of computer vision 38 (2000), S. 129-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1405
    Keywords: image registration ; coarse-to-fine motion pyramid ; wavelet-based motion model ; Cai-Wang wavelet ; sum squared difference (SSD) ; warping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract An image registration algorithm is developed to estimate dense motion vectors between two images using the coarse-to-fine wavelet-based motion model. This motion model is described by a linear combination of hierarchical basis functions proposed by Cai and Wang (SIAM Numer. Anal., 33(3):937–970, 1996). The coarser-scale basis function has larger support while the finer-scale basis function has smaller support. With these variable supports in full resolution, the basis functions serve as large-to-small windows so that the global and local information can be incorporated concurrently for image matching, especially for recovering motion vectors containing large displacements. To evaluate the accuracy of the wavelet-based method, two sets of test images were experimented using both the wavelet-based method and a leading pyramid spline-based method by Szeliski et al. (International Journal of Computer Vision, 22(3):199–218, 1996). One set of test images, taken from Barron et al. (International Journal of Computer Vision, 12:43–77, 1994), contains small displacements. The other set exhibits low texture or spatial aliasing after image blurring and contains large displacements. The experimental results showed that our wavelet-based method produced better motion estimates with error distributions having a smaller mean and smaller standard deviation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008101718719
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Development of Early Externalizing Problems Among Children from Low-Income Families: A Transformational Perspective (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of abnormal child psychology 26 (1998), S. 95-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2835
    Keywords: Externalizing ; noncompliance ; maternal rejection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The present study examined pathways leading to early externalizing problems from age 1 to 31/2 in a design that took advantage of our knowledge of normative progression and normative socialization as well as findings from research on risk. A sample of 130 low-income participants was followed longitudinally from 12 to 42 months using observational measures of developmentally salient parenting and child disruptive behavior to predict early externalizing problems. Results are best accommodated by concepts such as transformation and transaction from developmental psychology. For boys, both child and parent variables predicted later externalizing. For girls and boys, the interaction between child noncompliance and maternal rejection was significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022665704584
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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