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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 16 (1972), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les scories basanitiques du volcan de l'Oued Temorte (Massif de l'Atakor, Sahara algérien) contiennent de nombreux minéraux caractéristiques des stades de cristallisation intratellurique dans les magmas basiques alcalins: kaersutite, salite ferrisodique, zircon, titanomagnétite et ferripléonaste. L'étude a porté essentiellement sur les spinelles et sur les transformations qu'ils subissent par oxydation dans les derniers stades précédant l'éruption. L'étude au microscope métallographique des diverses phases observées (titanomagnétite, ferripléonaste, spinelle, ilménite, titanohématite, pseudobrookite, corindon) complétée par 16 analyses chimiques effectuées pour la plupart à l'aide de la microsonde électronique, permet de préciser le mécanisme de l'oxydation et d'évaluer, à l'aide des données expérimentales, les fugacités d'oxygène (fO2) contrôlant la cristallisation de ces phases. Les valeurs de fO2 ainsi obtenues (10−8,5 à 10−2,5 atm à 1200°) sont nettement supérieures à celles déterminées antérieurement à partir des basaltes. D'une façon générale, il semble que les fO2 qui s'exercent au cours de la cristallisation des magmas basiques alcalins soient plus fortes que dans les autres types de laves basiques. L'accent est enfin porté sur la nécessité, pour évaluer les conditions de cristallisation et en particulier l'évolution de fO2 au cours de la différenciation, de distinguer les minéraux appartenant aux stades de cristallisation intratellurique des minéraux cristallisant après l'éruption.
    Notes: Abstract Scoriaceous basanites from an algerian stratovolcano (Oued Temorte, Atakor, Sahara) contain many minerals thought to be typical of intratelluric stages of crystallization in alkali basic magmas: kaersutite, ferrisodic salite, zircon, titanomagnetite, ferripleonaste. This paper is mainly concerned with spinels and the oxidation processes that take place before eruption of the lava. A series of oxidation reactions were established, and an estimation of the oxygen fugacities (fO2) controlling the cristallisation could be made, using metallographic microscope studies of the resulting phases (titanomagnetite, ferripleonaste, spinel, ilmenite, titanhematite, pseudobrookite, corundum) and 16 chemical analysis (13 being electron microprobe determinations). The fO2 values obtained (10−8,5 to 10−2,5 atm at 1200° C) are higher than those proposed by various authors for basaltic lavas. In the conclusion, the authors insist that a clear distinction should be made between preeruption phases and minerals that cristallise after eruption, in order to determine the physical conditions of crystallization, in particular estimate the variations of fO2 in order to evaluate the importance of these various factors in the processes of magmatic differenciation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 30 (1971), S. 296-313 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le gisement de Caussou est occupé par une lherzolite à spinelle, qui en constitue la masse principale, dans laquelle apparaissent des zones de lherzolite à amphibole caractérisées par l'assemblage: forstérite + bronzite + pargasite riche en titane et en potassium ± diopside, l'amphibole formant des 10 à 15% du volume de la roche. L'étude pétrographique et la composition chimique des deux types de roches et des minéraux constituants, permettent de conclure que la lherzolite à amphibole résulte d'une recristallisation locale de la lherzolite à spinelle, en présence d'une phase gazeuse hydratée, probablement enrichie en titane et alcalins, dans des conditions qu'on peut estimer approximativement à 7–8 kilobars (pH2O = p totale), à 1100° C. Deux hypothèses sont envisagées concernant le mécanisme de la recristallisation: 1) La formation de la lherzolite à amphibole résulte de réactions de subsolidus dans la lherzolite à spinelle au cours de sa mise en place dans des niveaux correspondant au domaine de stabilité des lherzolites à plagioclase; 2) Dans les mêmes conditions de pression et de température, la pargasite titanifère cristalliserait directement à partir d'un liquide à composition de néphélinite produit par une fusion partielle de faible degré de la lherzolite à spinelle. Quelle que soit l'hypothèse retenue, on peut supposer que la lherzolite originelle qui a donné naissance aux deux types de roche observés à Caussou représente un fragment peu ou pas différencié du manteau supérieur.
    Notes: Abstract The Caussou outcrop consists mostly of a spinel-bearing lherzolite with irregular patches of amphibole lherzolite. The characteristic paragenesis of the latter is: forsterite + bronzite+Ti-rich K-bearing pargasite ± diopside, with 10 to 15% amphibole in the rock. Petrographic and chemical analysis of the two types of rocks and their constituent minerals lead to the conclusion that the spinel-lherzolite recrystallized locally as amphibole lherzolite in the presence of a gas phase containing water, and probably Ti and alkali elements as well, at approximately 7 to 8 Kb and 1100° C (for $$P_{{\text{H}}_2 {\text{O}}} = P_{{\text{total}}} $$ ). Two hypothesis could account for this local recrystallization: 1. The amphibole lherzolite could represent a subsolidus recrystallization of the spinel lherzolite occuring in the stability field of plagioclase lherzolite at the time of the emplacement. 2. Or, in the same P-T conditions, the Ti-pargasite could precipitate from a liquid of nephelinite composition produced by limited partial melting of the spinel lherzolite. In either case the original peridotite that produced the two existing types at Caussou could be considered as an undifferentiated fragment of the upper mantle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Amphibole pyroxenites with or without garnet and amphibolites (hydrous facies) which occur in the Lherz outcrop form monofacies or composite dykes cutting the primary schistosity of the spinel lherzolite. They coexist with monofacies or composite dykes of amphibole — free pyroxenites, with or without garnet (anhydrous facies), which are folded with the peridotite. The range of compositions, from olivine tholeiite (anhydrous facies only) to olivine basanites and nephelinites (hydrous facies) signifies a peculiar differenciation which could result from 1) fractionations closely controled by variation of the PH2O/Pt in liquids derived from partial melting of a peridotite originally containing a small amount of water. 2) tectonic features of the emplacement of the ultrabasic body up to the lower levels of the crust, during which residual liquids, increasingly undersatured and enriched in alkalies and titanium, have been segregated. The result of such a process is the formation of rocks (amphibolites) having a chemical composition close to that of some olivine melilitic nephelinites flows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Currently understood liquidus phase relations in the anhydrous mafic-ultramafic system at high pressures favour polybaric rather than isobaric crystallization models for the origin of the websterites and pyroxenites associated with spinel-lherzolites from Freychinède in the French Pyrénées. Such models call for a thermally perturbed upper mantle which was dynamic rather than static in character. A vertical transport distance of some 60 km in the mantle was recorded by the subsolidus mineral chemistry of garnet-websterite 70–385 and its single-phase subcalcic clinopyroxenite precursor (Kornprobst, 1976; Herzberg, 1978a).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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