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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of three different training modalities on the cross-sectional area of the paravertebral muscles (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different training schedules on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the paravertebral muscles (PA) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. To achieve this goal 59 patients were randomly assigned to three different 10-week rehabilitation programs: stabilization training (group 1, n=19), stabilization training combined with dynamic resistance training (group 2, n=20) and stabilization training combined with dynamic-static resistance training (group 3, n=20). The CSA of the PA was derived from standard computerized tomography (CT) images at three different levels. The CSA of the PA was found to increase statistically in group 2 (upper end-plate of L4) and group 3 (upper end-plate of L3 and lower end-plate of L4). In contrast, no statistical differences over time were found in group 1. Since stabilization exercises have no effect on the CSA of the PA, intensive lumbar resistance training seems to be necessary to restore the size of the PA in CLBP patients with atrophied back muscles. No systematic difference in hypertrophy between dynamic and dynamic-static strengthening training modes was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.110604.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Which factors predict outcome in the treatment program of anterior knee pain? (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 12 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The goal of this prospective study was to determine the outcome-predictive role of various parameters in the nonoperative treatment of chronic anterior knee pain patients. Thirty patients followed a five-week treatment program, which consisted out of only closed kinetic chain exercises. Prior to this treatment all subjects were evaluated on muscular characteristics, subjective symptoms, weight, sex, duration of symptoms and functional performance. A multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that the reflex response time of m. vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) (P=0.041; 0.026), and the duration of symptoms (P=0.019; 0.045) were the only two parameters which were significantly associated with the outcome (evaluated by the Kujala score) at five weeks, and at three months. The shorter the duration of symptoms, or the faster the reflex response time of VMO prior to the treatment, the better the outcome after a closed kinetic chain exercise program. The statistical significance of these parameters in this study may be seen as an indication of the importance of these variables as predictors of the outcome of a closed kinetic chain strengthening program. Using this information, it seems clinically important to begin the treatment program before the anterior knee pain becomes more chronic and treatment results become less good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.120108.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential progression of proprioceptive and visual information processing deficits in Parkinson's disease (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Indirect evidence suggests that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have deficits not only in motor performance, but also in the processing of sensory information. We investigated the role of sensory information processing in PD patients with a broad range of disease severities and in a group of age-matched controls. Subjects were tested in two conditions: pointing to a remembered visual target in complete darkness (DARK) and in the presence of an illuminated frame with a light attached to the index finger (FRAME). Differences in pointing errors in these two conditions reflect the effect of visual feedback on pointing. PD patients showed significantly larger constant and variable errors than controls in the DARK and FRAME condition. The difference of the variable error in the FRAME and DARK condition decreased as a function of the severity of PD. This indicates that any deficits in the processing of proprioceptive information occur already at very mild symptoms of PD, and that deficits in the use of visual feedback develop progressively in later stages of the disease. These results provide a tool for early diagnosis of PD and shed new light on the functional role of the brain structures that are affected in PD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03840.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic administration of the propargylamine CGP 3466B prevents behavioural and morphological deficits in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions in the substantia nigra (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ability of CGP 3466B to attenuate the behavioural and morphological consequences of experimentally induced cell death was investigated in a recently updated animal model of Parkinson's disease. 6-Hydroxydopamine was infused bilaterally into the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats that were pretreated with desimipramine. Treatment with CGP 3466B (0.0014–1.4 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously) or its solvent was begun 2 h after the 6-OHDA injection, and maintained twice daily for 14 days. After a washout period of 14 days, changes in motor behaviour were evaluated, using the open field test (analysis of normal and abnormal stepping, e.g.) and the paw test (analysis of retraction time of limbs). Changes in learning and memory were evaluated with the help of the Morris water maze task. Following immunocytochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase, the extent of the lesion was quantified using a computerized system. CGP 3466B prevented all deficits produced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), though at different doses. It prevented: abnormal stepping (0.0014–0.014 mg/kg); increased forelimb and hindlimb retraction time (0.014–0.14 mg/kg and 0.0014–0.14 mg/kg, respectively); delayed learning (1.4 mg/kg); and reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra (0.0014–0.014 mg/kg). CGP 3466B (0.0014–0.14 mg/kg) induced no deficits in sham-treated rats. CGP 3466B (1.4 mg/kg), however, did not show any benefit on motor deficits in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, and induced abnormal movements and decreased the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the ventral tegmental area of sham-lesioned animals. It is concluded that CGP 3466B prevents all 6-OHDA-induced behavioural and immunocytochemical deficits, though at different doses. CGP 3466B is suggested to be a valuable agent for inhibiting the dopaminergic degeneration in patients with Parkinson's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00181.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasticity in the Stress-Regulating Circuit: Decreased Input from the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis to the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in Wistar Rats following Adrenalectomy (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is involved in the stress-regulating circuit by funnelling limbic information to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Since adrenalectomy influences both limbic structures (by inducing cell death in the hippocampus) and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (by increased corticotrophin-releasing hormone synthesis), we investigated whether the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is also influenced by adrenalectomy. For this purpose, we analysed and compared the projections from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in normal and adrenalectomized rats by anterograde tracer injections in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Quantitative analysis of the fibre pattern in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of normal rats revealed a homogeneous distribution of fibres of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis over the different subdivisions of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. In adrenalectomized rats, the absolute fibre density was significantly lower in the whole hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (1.17 ± 0.27 10−3μm/μm3 in adrenalectomized rats versus 2.59 ± 0.24 10−3μm/μm3 in normal rats; P 〈 0.01) and all its subdivisions. The largest decrease of fibre density was found in the corticotrophin-releasing hormone-rich part of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (relative fibre density; adrenalectomized rats: 0.602 ± 0.106, versus 1.095 ± 0.019 in normal rats, P 〈 0.01). These results show a loss of input from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and particularly to the corticotrophin-releasing hormone neurons, following adrenalectomy. The data suggest that this pathway within the stress-regulating circuit is functionally affected by corticosteroids in adult rats and may imply that human disorders associated with corticosteroid imbalance are allied to a changed circuitry in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01663.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of hippocampal lesioning on experimental periodontitis in Wistar rats (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 37 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hippocampus, which is a brain structure involved in learning and memory processes, plays a key role in the feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic sympathetic nervous system, and the subsequent secretion of immuno-modulatory hormones in response to pathogenic microorganisms. Dysregulation of these brain-neuroendocrine-immune regulatory networks, which act in concert to maintain homeostasis, is found to be of critical importance to the host defence against pathogens, as well as susceptibility to diseases, including periodontal disease. The present study was designed to determine the effects of hippocampal lesioning on the progression of periodontitis. Experimental ligature-induced periodontitis was induced in 16 Wistar rats, which were bilaterally lesioned in their hippocampal region with an aspiration technique that is well documented to impair learning and memory, as well as in 15 sham-operated control rats. The disease progression was evaluated radiographically and histometrically. The results revealed that the hippocampal lesioned rats developed significantly more destruction of the periodontium than did the sham-operated controls. This finding supports recent studies that indicate that inappropriate brain-neuroendocrine regulation of inflammatory responses to infectious agents may play an important role in disease susceptibility and progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2002.00366.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transport of Krebs-cycle intermediates in Azotobacter vinelandii under various metabolic conditions
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 318 (1973), S. 91-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: CCCP, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrzone ; DCCD, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide ; FCCP, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone ; HQNO, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(73)90339-8
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulant effects of enkephalin microinjection into the dopaminergic A10 area (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 278 (1979), S. 560-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Twenty-seven male Wistar rats, weighing 300-320 g, were anaesthetised with Nembutal (50 mg per kg), and two stainless-steel guide cannulae (23 gauge) were implanted stereotaxically into an area 0.5 mm dorsal to the ventral tegmentum. Cannulae placements were confirmed histologically; the correct ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/278560a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The acetylcholine-dopamine balance in the basal ganglia of rhesus monkeys and its role in dynamic, dystonic, dyskinetic, and epileptoid motor activities (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 36 (1975), S. 91-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Behavioural analyses have been made of effects brought about by both single and combined injections of dopamine, haloperidol, carbachol and atropine into the caput nuclei caudati of rhesus monkeys. High doses of dopamine produced the subsequent development of three types of behavioural changes: an increase in the number of skilled manipulation movements (the dynamic phase); the appearance of a dystonic torticollis (the dystonic phase); and, finally, the appearance of an oro-lingual-facial dyskinesia and a number of dyskinetic activities in the extremities (the dyskinetic phase). Low doses of dopamine solely produced the dynamic phase. Haloperidol only inhibited the dopamine-induced dynamic and dystonic phase: it did not suppress the dyskinetic phase. High doses of carbachol produced the subsequent development of four phases: a dynamic, dystonic, dyskinetic and epileptoid phase. The last one was marked by the appearance of secondary generalized epileptic seizures. Low doses of carbachol solely produced the dynamic phase. Atropine inhibited the carbachol-induced dynamic, dystonic and epileptoid phase; it did not suppress the dyskinetic phase. High doses of dopamine strongly modified the carbachol-induced phases: dopamine intensified the dystonic phase on the one hand, but it abolished the generalized epileptic seizures on the other hand. Apart from the fact that the data presented have confirmed that both dopaminergic and cholinergic mechanisms within the basal ganglia of rhesus monkeys are involved in the elicitation and modulation of both normal and abnormal motor activities, they have also revealed that the simple concept of a striatal acetylcholine-dopamine “see-saw” has to be revised. Furthermore, the data have suggested that development of supersensitive dopaminesensitive sites is not the only mechanism that underlies the elicitation of the oro-lingual-facial dyskinesia. And, finally, the present experiments have given clearcut evidence that an intrastriatal acetylcholine-dopamine “seesaw” fulfils an essential role in the process involved in the generalization of epileptic seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256757
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence response of acridine orange to changes in pH gradients across liposome membranes (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 954-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Acridine orange ; fluorescent probe ; pH gradient ; fluorescence quenching ; liposomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence that changes in proton distribution have on the fluorescence of acridine orange was examined using negatively charged liposomes. Our results indicate that at least two mechanisms are involved: distribution of the probe between the internal aqueous phase of the liposomes and the outside medium, and binding of the probe to the liposome membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01941777
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