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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The immune response in fish: a review (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 7 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The literature relating to the immune response of fish has been reviewed. Non-specific immune mechanisms similar to those of other vertebrate classes occur in fish. Similarly specific cell-mediated immunity has been demonstrated at all levels of evolution, from the cyclostomes to the teleosts. A humoral antibody system also occurs in all classes offish but varies considerably in relation to phylogenetic status. In the cyclostomes, only immuno-proteins with properties intermediate between the immunoglobulms of vertebrates and the non-specific agglutinins and lysins of invertebrates have been demonstrated. In the elasmo-branchs and chondrosteans 7 and 19s irnmunoglobulins of IgM type occur. In holosteans the 19s form is predominant whereas in teleosts, 7 and 19s forms occur, with some evidence of specialization in the 7s form. In the phylogenetically most advanced fish, the Dipnoi, two immunoglobulin classes, structurally analogous to IgM and IgG, have been described.A characteristic feature of both cell-mediated and antibody mediated immune responses in fish is their dependence upon environmental temperature. There is also evidence that, in some species at least, nutritional factors and behaviour patterns may also influence the immune response.Attempts at artificial immunization of fish against infectious disease have met with varied success. It is probable that better results could be achieved with live vaccine strains, particularly if applied under conditions optimal for the immune responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1975.tb04630.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the plasma of acute severe asthmatic patients (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are likely to be relevant mediators of the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and airway remodelling.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉ObjectiveWe have compared the levels of MMPs, eotaxin and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) in the plasma of healthy subjects, atopic patients and asthmatic patients.Methods The asthmatic patients were separated into two groups, either well controlled on inhaled therapy or acute severe asthma. Patients with acute severe disease had all received systemic corticosteroids from 12 to 48 h before the blood was taken. Blood was recovered in EDTA tubes, incubated with either f MLP, PMA or vehicle for 10 min and centrifuged. MMP-9, TIMP-1, IL-2R and eotaxin levels were measured in the plasma by ELISA. Moreover, the activity of MMPs was also evaluated by zymography.Results An increased basal level of MMP-9 and IL2-R was observed in acute severe asthma. Following stimulation with f MLP and PMA there was an enhanced production of MMP-9 in the plasma of all groups of patients. However, the MMP-9 level was significantly enhanced in acute severe asthma, compared with the others. No difference was found for the TIMP-1 level between the patients. The eotaxin level in plasma was found to be significantly lower in acute severe asthmatics compared with the others groups. Zymography technique showed a significant increased activity of MMP-9 (92 kDa) but not MMP-2 (66 kDa) in the plasma of patients with acute asthma.Conclusion The increased in MMP-9 production and activity observed in the present study suggests a process of extracellular matrix degradation in acute severe asthmatic patients and proposes MMP-9 as a non-invasive systemic marker of inflammation and airway remodelling in asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01219.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of gelatinase activity during development of subepithelial fibrosis in a murine model of asthma (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Chronic asthma is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue remodelling leading to subepithelial fibrosis. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in degradation of extracellular matrix in most chronic inflammatory diseases.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MMPs in the development of inflammatory processes associated or not with the concomitant development of subepithelial fibrosis in an experimental model of asthma.Methods Sensitized BP2 mice were challenged with ovalbumin (OA) every 2 weeks during 8 months. Several mice were removed once a month and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) or lung biopsies were performed.Results Lung sections stained with picrosirius and hydroxyproline measurements showed a significant collagen deposition after 16 weeks of OA challenge, demonstrating the development of subepithelial fibrosis. Pulmonary inflammation was present from the first OA challenge and was consistent throughout the 8 months of the study. Moreover, an up-regulation and activation of MMP-9 and, to a less extent, MMP-2 were observed in BAL fluid from challenged mice. The level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 increased after 12 weeks of OA challenge vs. control mice.Conclusion This study reveals that a decrease in the activation of the MMP-9 due to the increase in TIMP-1, could contribute to excessive collagen deposition following repeated antigen challenge in sensitized mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01581.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental cerebral lesions produced by inoculation with Basidiobolus strains (1979)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 67 (1979), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two Basidiobolus strains produced progressive chronic granulomatous lesions in the brain following intracerebral inoculation of mice with hyphal material. Large septate hyphal bodies, together with spherical structures and granular material presumed to be of fungal origin, were present in the granuloma tissue surrounding the IIIrd and lateral ventricles. No progressive lesions developed when Basidiobolus mycelium was inoculated at extra-cerebral sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00470756
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the fungal growth stimulants present in bovine placenta on experimental Absidia corymbifera infection in mice (1976)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 59 (1976), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Parenteral administration of bovine placental extract to mice in the period overlapping inoculation with spores of Absidia corymbifera did not increase their susceptibility to acute, lethal infection of the central nervous system. It did, however, exacerbate the chronic and sub-acute renal lesions which developed in those animals which survived inoculation without developing acute infection. This probably resulted from excretion by the kidneys of fungal growth stimulants derived from the placental extract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral mucomysosis following experimental inoculation with Mortierella wolfii (1977)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 60 (1977), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A strain of Mortierella wolfti isolated from a case of bovine mycotic abortion in the United Kingdom did not produce disease in mice when inoculated by the intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous routes. When injected by the intracerebral route, it induced a chronic granulomatous infection of the brain resulting in hydrocephalus and eventually death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00448403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of the effect of age and acquired immunity on the susceptibility of mice to infection with Aspergillus fumigatus (1977)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 60 (1977), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adult CBA mice showed considerably greater resistance to experimental infection with Aspergillus fumigatus than young animals of the same strain (P 〈 0.01). Furthermore, in contrast with the young mice, the susceptibility of the adults was only moderately increased by treatment with cortico-steroids. On the other hand, immunosuppressive treatments producing severe depression of lymphocyte function greatly increased susceptibility to lethal infection and promoted fungal growth in a wide range of tissues. These observations suggested a role for specific acquired immunity in the relatively high resistance to experimental aspergillosis shown by older mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490376
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental mucormycosis in congenitally athymic (nude) mice (1977)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 62 (1977), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and their phenotypically normal (nu/+) littermates displayed a similar susceptibility to acute lethal infection withAbsidia corymbifera. Although the clinical manifestations of acute infection were also similar in both groups, the nude mice tended to develop more extensive lesions and were less effective in eliminating viableA. corymbifera spores than their heterozygous littermates. The results suggested that thymus-dependent processes did not play an essential role in primary resistance to mucormycosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01259402
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of a phage lytic for severalBrucella species following propagation of Tbilisi phage in the presence of mitomycin C (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 54 (1977), S. 259-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new brucella-phage, designated D, was isolated from a batch of Tbilisi phage grown onBrucella abortus strain 544 in the presence of mitomycin C. Although resembling Tbilisi phage in morphology, it differed in its host range, adsorption properties, chemical stability and antigenic specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314793
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of the relationship between pathological changes, immunological response and serum protein concentrations in pregnant sheep inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus (1980)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 71 (1980), S. 53-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pregnant sheep inoculated withAspergillus fumigatus conidia developed precipitating and latex agglutinating antibodies to mycelial antigens. The titres of these tended to be higher in those animals developing placental or fetal infection than in those which did not. The concentrations of total serum proteins and of albumin,α, β andγ globulins did not show any consistent changes which could be related to abortion or placental infection. Lymphocyte transformation tests on whole blood showed significant responses to phytohaemagglutinin but not toA. fumigatus antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625315
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