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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical Mach number estimates for dense gases (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 1840-1847 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The present study provides estimates for the critical Mach number at free-stream pressures and temperatures corresponding to the dense gas regime. A range of stable fluorocarbons is identified for which the critical Mach number exceeds 0.95 for practical airfoil or turbine blade configurations. Conditions under which the classical transonic similarity laws break down are also delineated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858405
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady, isentropic flows of dense gases (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Steady isentropic flows of fluids in their dense gas regime are examined. It is shown that the Mach number may increase, rather than decrease, with density or pressure if the specific heats of the fluid are sufficiently large. Conditions are also reported under which isentropic expansions through converging–diverging nozzles are not possible, regardless of the imposed exit pressure. In such cases, the nozzle must be replaced with one having multiple throats. Applications to external transonic flows are briefly considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857855
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of weak shocks in fluids having embedded regions of negative nonlinearity (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 3034-3044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dissipative structure of weak shock waves in fluids in which the fundamental derivative is negative for a finite range of pressures and temperatures has been examined. Conditions under which the shock thickness increases with strength rather than decreases are delineated. Nonclassical features of the entropy distribution and variation of local Mach number are also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866082
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of thermal expansion on nonlinear first and second sound in the whole temperature region of He II (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 2513-2526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We consider one-dimensional, weakly nonlinear first and second sound waves in He II. The first correction to the shock speed is computed for each sound mode. The expressions obtained are exact with respect to the coefficient of thermal expansion β. It is shown that the commonly made assumption of negligible β can lead to significant error in the shock speeds for first sound away from the lambda-line. This contrasts with the calculation of the linear sound speeds and the shock speed for second sound where the β=0 approximation yields accurate results. Near the lambda-line, the exact expressions for both modes are seen to contain fundamentally different singularities than those found in the commonly employed β=0 theory. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869034
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of thermal expansion on nonlinear fourth sound (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 1239-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Weakly nonlinear fourth sound waves in clamped He II are considered. The first approximation to the nonlinear speed of fourth sound is derived through the use of a well-known multiple-scales scheme. As expected, the classical result that the linearized fourth sound speed can be accurately approximated by neglecting the coefficient of thermal expansion is recovered. However, this coefficient is found to be non-negligible when Doppler shifts and nonlinear effects are considered. The influence of the thermal expansion coefficient is significant even at low to moderate pressures and becomes dominant as the lambda temperature is approached. The terms which must be retained are found to be proportional to the well-known Grüneisen parameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858609
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nozzle flows of dense gases (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 1246-1259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Numerical solutions for steady inviscid flows in conventional converging–diverging nozzles are obtained. The fluids considered are Bethe–Zel'dovich–Thompson fluids, i.e., those having specific heats so large that the fundamental derivative of gas dynamics is negative over a finite range of pressures and temperatures. Three general classes of flow are delineated which include two nonclassical types in addition to the usual classical flows; the latter are qualitatively similar to those of perfect gases. The nonclassical flows are characterized by isentropes containing as many as three sonic points. Numerical solutions depicting finite-strength expansion shocks, steady flows with shock waves standing upstream of the nozzle throat, and steady flows containing as many as three shock waves are presented. Flows having arbitrarily large-exit Mach numbers are found to be possible only if a sonic expansion shock is formed in the nozzle. This observation contrasts with prediction based on the perfect gas theory which states that the occurrence of shock waves always results in a subsonic exit flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858610
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative nonlinearity in selected fluorocarbons (1989)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 1894-1897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Martin–Hou equation has been employed to compute the fundamental derivative of gasdynamics for seven commercially available fluorocarbons. Each fluid was found to have a region of negative nonlinearity large enough to include the critical isotherm. Negative nonlinearity twice as strong as that found in previous investigations is reported. In addition, estimates for the fundamental derivative at saturation are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857514
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exact solutions for sonic shocks in van der Waals gases (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Exact closed-form solutions for finite amplitude sonic shocks are presented for the case of a van der Waals gas having a constant specific heat. Solutions are provided for both single and double sonic shocks. Sample calculations are presented that include sonic shocks embedded in smooth inviscid flows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866388
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fanno processes in dense gases (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 674-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The global behavior of Fanno processes is examined for dense gases. It is shown that three sonic points corresponding to two local maxima and one local minimum in the entropy can occur if the fluid is of the Bethe–Zel'dovich–Thompson type. Both analytical and numerical examples of the nonclassical behavior are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868307
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shock formation in fluids having embedded regions of negative nonlinearity (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 2181-2191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The steepening of one-dimensional finite-amplitude waves in inviscid Van der Waals gases is described. The undisturbed medium is taken to be unbounded, at rest and uniform. The specific heat is taken to be large enough to generate an embedded region of negative nonlinearity in the general neighborhood of the saturated vapor line and thermodynamic critical point. Under these conditions the shock formation process may differ significantly from that predicted by the perfect gas theory. The present study illustrates these differences for both isolated pulses and periodic wave trains. It is further shown that as many as three shocks, two compression and one expansion, may be formed in a single pulse or, in the case of wave trains, repeated element. It is also shown that the convected sound speed may become identical to the thermodynamic sound speed of the undisturbed medium at three distinct values of the density; the first of these corresponds to the density of the undisturbed medium while the other two are related to an integral of the fundamental derivative along an isentrope. The results obtained are expected to hold for any fluid which possesses such an embedded region of negative nonlinearity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865555
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