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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 70 (1970), S. 363-373 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The identification of the novel natural products, 6-methyl-3-octanone and 3-nonanone in extracts obtained from the mandibular glands of Myrmica brevinodis is reported. These compounds accompany the compounds 3-octanone and 3-octanol which have already been identified from this extract. 2. Both 6-methyl-3-octanone and 3-nonanone were found to be capable of releasing alarm behaviour in M. brevinodis. 3. The distribution of these compounds in the alarm pheromones of six North American and four European species of Myrmica was determined. 4. A gas chromatographic comparison of the extracts of various species of Myrmica indicated that seven of the ten species gave very similar chromatograms (Fig. 1) which differ only in the ratios of the two major constituents 3-octanone and 3-octanol (Table 3). The remaining three species produce chromatograms so different from those of the majority, that they are easily set apart. The implications of these results for behavioural and taxonomic studies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 66 (1979), S. 57-58 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 254 (1975), S. 448-449 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although microorganisms and plants such as onions, chives and garlic are known to produce both dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl trisulphide1'6, the biosynthesis of these compounds has not been extensively investigated. In plants dimethyl disulphide is known to be produced from methionine as a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 1024-1027 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Respiration ; social behavior ; Trigona denoiti ; Trigona gribodoi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ground nestingTrigona denoiti as well as the arboreal nestingT. gribodoi have nest cavities with only a single narrow entrance tube. For air exchange in the nest to occur, the bees have to ventilate the nest actively. As a consequence the air is exchanged in a similar way as in vertebrates with lungs. Phases of inspiration follow phases of expiration (‘breathing’ frequency in the range of 2–3 breaths/min) and tidal volumes range from 0.63±0.24 ml inT. denoiti to 1.13±0.32 inT. gribodoi. Ventilation during night time was strongly reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 41 (1994), S. 85-98 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Ants ; Ponerinae ; Hagensia ; individual foraging strategy ; foraging behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A field study of the foraging strategy used by the ponerine ant,Hagensia havilandi is reported. They have permanent nests in the leaf litter of coastal forests.H. havilandi is a diurnal forager and collects a variety of live and dead arthropods. These predatory ants exhibit individual foraging with no cooperation in the search for or retrieval of food items. Three colonies were observed and showed similar temporal and spatial foraging patterns. The paths of individual ants were followed and the results showed that the foragers exhibit area fidelity, and return to the nest via a direct route on finding on prey item. Several foragers did not return to the nest at dusk but returned the following morning. Occasionally a limited amount of tandem recruitment was displayed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 35 (1988), S. 217-225 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kolonien der königinlosen AmeisePachycondyla krugeri wurden zu verschiedenen Zeiten des Jahres gesammelt, um die Anzahl von Gamergaten zu bestimmen. Präparationen verdeutlichten, daß in jeder Kolonie nur eine Gamergate vorkommt. Die Anzahl der Gamergaten bei dieser Ameisenart muß somit in einer bestimmten Weise reguliert sein. Gruppen von unbegatteten, im Labor gehaltenen Arbeiterinnen legten fruchtbare Eier, einen Monat nachdem sie von einer Gamergate getrennt wurden. Diese Untersuchung veranschaulicht, daß die Gamergaten das Fortpflanzungsverhalten Ihrer Nestgenossen beinflussen können. Weder einzelne Gamergaten, noch eine Regulation der Fortpflanzung wurden bisher bei Ameisenarten mit Gamergaten festgestellt.
    Notes: Summary Colonies of the queenless antPachycondyla krugeri were collected at different times of the year in order to determine the number of gamergates present. Dissection revealed that no colony contained more than one gamergate, suggesting that some form of regulation of gamergate numbers is present in this species. Groups of uninseminated workers kept in the laboratory began to lay reproductive eggs one month after removal from the influence of a gamergate, indicating that gamergates seem to regulate the reproductive activity of thir nestmates. Neither single reproductives nor reproductive regulation have previously been reported for species with gamergates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 163 (1988), S. 401-411 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Venom protein release and alarm pheromone production by African worker honey-bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) were documented with respect to adult age. Behavioural assays were used to explore relationships among venom protein release, the alarm pheromone bouquets and the recruitability of bees to colony defence as a function of age. 2. The concentration of venom protein released by young worker honeybees is low (10–30 μg/bee), gradually increasing with age, reaching a plateau of 60 μg/bee at 17 days and remaining at this value in older bees. 3. Nine alarm pheromones from the sting were identified and analysed gas chromatographically. Of these, only isopentyl acetate, isopentyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol and n-hexyl acetate showed concentration profiles that clearly differed with age. The mandibular gland alarm pheromone 2-heptanone, had a reasonably well-defined concentration profile as related to age. 4. Behavioural assays showed: (1) more bees of all ages responded to an isolated sting (sting alarm pheromones) than to (2) an isolated pair of mandibular glands (2-heptanone). A response equivalent to (1) occurred when both a sting and a pair of mandibular glands were presented together. Older bees (15–25 days old) responded more readily to the donor stings, mandibular glands and stings and mandibular glands together of 15–25 day old bees than did younger bees. The responses of older bees (25 days old) were more rapid and of longer duration than of younger bees. 5. Our combined data on the production of venom protein, alarm signals and their efficacy in recruitment; and the latency and duration of worker responses can be correlated with age. The defensive capacity of African worker bees is one which develops in relation to age and is consistent with defence being yet another element associated with the division of labour in honeybees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 67 (1980), S. 467-469 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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